InterProScan indicates that the chitin-binding domain covers the whole mature sequence. Their three-dimensional model is composed of an anti-parallel β-sheet and one short α-helix, is stabilized by three disulfide bridges ( Fig. 2B), and was constructed using the structure indicated by LOMETS 1ULK (71.88% of identity) in addition to 1T0W. Validation parameters are summarized in Table 2. The rigid model structure suggests that five residues are responsible for binding on (GlcNAc)3: GLN1, SER12, TRP14, TYR16 and TYR23 ( Fig. 2B). As observed for the grape’s peptide, the

MD also indicates that this is a stable complex, being maintained by at least one hydrogen bond, and varying from one to six hydrogen bonds ( Fig. S1B). The peptide structure shows the backbone’s Pexidartinib cell line RSMD of 3 Å ( Fig. 4) and does not lose the secondary structure, gaining instead an additional β-strand ( Fig. 3B). This assumption was confirmed by a slight RMS fluctuation at the C-terminal ( Figs. 4 and S2B). Two sequences from Selaginella moellendorffii were retrieved, XP_002962191 (GenBank ID: XP_002962191) and XP_002973523

(GenBank ID: XP_002973523). XP_002962191 is 125 amino acids long, while XP_002973523 showed a length of 64 residues. A signal peptide was predicted in XP_002962191 covering the first 28 residues, resulting in a mature peptide with 97 amino acid residues. As well as the rice’s peptide, this sequence may have a precursor organization EPZ015666 purchase similar to that of Ac-AMP2 and Ar-AMP. However, no similar cleavage sites have been observed among them. Therefore, XP_002962191 was removed from analysis, avoiding

wrong conclusions. In contrast, the sequence XP_002973523 probably belongs to the hevein-like class. This sequence has a predicted signal peptide comprising the first 23 residues, resulting in a 41 amino acid long mature peptide. InterProScan indicates that the chitin-binding domain covers the whole mature sequence. The LOMETS server indicates that the best template for this sequence is the structure Obatoclax Mesylate (GX15-070) of class I chitinase from O. sativa (PDB ID: 2DKV) [30], that shares 46.34% of identity with XP_002973523. This model was submitted to an additional energy minimization, in order to stabilize the disulfide bond between CYS5 and CYS17, since their sulfur atoms were distant by 2.2 Å, being the 2 Å correct distance for disulfide bond formation. The overall structure is composed by an anti-parallel β-sheet and one short α-helix, being stabilized by four disulfide bonds ( Fig. 2C). Table 2 summarizes the validation data of the three-dimensional model. The rigid model structure suggests that three residues are responsible for binding on (GlcNAc)3: SER18, PHE20, TYR22 and TYR29 ( Fig. 2C). The complex is stabilized by three hydrogen bonds during the most of MD time, varying to zero to six hydrogen bonds ( Fig. S1C).