A recent genome-wide association study has been performed in dermatomyositis. The most significant signals were in the major histocompatibility complex region, with other loci suggesting evidence of genetic overlap with different autoimmune diseases.SummaryRecent association and gene-environment interaction studies have increased our knowledge of genetic risk factors for the IIMs. Ongoing international collaborations will facilitate larger and more meaningful genetic studies revealing much about the genetic architecture of these complex diseases.”
“Organic-inorganic hybrid heterojunctions are critical for the integration of organic electronics

with traditional Si and III-V semiconductor microelectronics. The amorphous nature of organic semiconductors eliminates the stringent lattice-matching requirements in semiconductor monolithic growth. However, as of yet selleckchem it is unclear what driving forces dictate the energy-level alignment at hybrid organic-inorganic heterojunctions. Using photoelectron spectroscopy we investigate the energy-level alignment at the hybrid organic-inorganic heterojunction formed between S-passivated InP(100) and

several commonly used hole injection/transport molecules, namely, copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), N,N(‘)-diphenyl-N,N(‘)-bis-(1-naphthyl)-1-1(‘)-biphenyl-4,4(‘)-diamine GKT137831 clinical trial (alpha-NPD), and fullerene (C(60)). The energy-level alignment at the hybrid organic-inorganic heterojunction is found to be consistent with traditional interface dipole theory, originally

developed to describe Schottky contacts. Contrary to conventional wisdom, hole injection from S-passivated InP(100) into an organic semiconductor is found to originate from interface states at or near the Fermi level, rather than from the valance band maximum of the semiconductor. As a result the barrier height for hole injection is defined by the offset between the surface Fermi level of the S-passivated InP(100) and the highest occupied molecular orbital of the organic. This finding sheds new light on the unusual trend in device performance reported in literature for such hybrid organic-inorganic heterojunction devices.”
“Purpose of reviewThis update on childhood Selleck BYL719 idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) reviews recent progress in the field of translational science and clinical research over the past 12-18 months.Recent findingsSeveral new studies, including results from the international genome-wide association study, point to abnormalities of the adaptive immune system in childhood IIMs. Circulating T-follicular helper cells promote plasma cell differentiation and have been found in high levels in juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM), which may account the frequency of autoantibodies seen in this disease. One of the latest to be identified in JDM targets the protein NXP-2 and is associated with an increased risk of calcinosis in young patients.