OBJECTIVE To investigate the reliability and validity of a total face score and three global face assessment scales for estimated age, estimated aesthetic selleck kinase inhibitor treatment effort, and signs of aging in the facial units.
MATERIALS AND METHODS Descriptive, reliability, correlation, and principal component analyses based on the assessment of 50 subjects by 12 raters using the 20 grading scales and the global face assessment scales.
RESULTS Inter-and intrarater reliability was high for the total face score and for the scales on estimated age and aesthetic treatment effort. Actual age was highly correlated with these three measures. Facial aging
was indicated particularly by scales of the lower face.
CONCLUSION The aesthetic grading scales and global scales on estimated age and aesthetic treatment effort are reliable and valid instruments. The results suggest that a more-comprehensive BBI608 evaluation of the human face and its age-related changes can help to identify important areas of facial aging and to define optimal aesthetic treatment strategies.”
“Highly
crosslinked poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) microspheres with a 1.0-2.5-mu m diameter were prepared by precipitation polymerization in neat acetonitrile. The effects of various polymerization parameters such as the monomer and initiator concentration, comonomer composition, and cosolvents on the properties of the resulting particles were studied. The particle diameter increased FK228 with the monomer concentration, whereas the particle size distribution remained almost constant. The 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (based on the total monomer) was used as the initiator. The styrene fraction in the monomer
composition and toluene fraction in the solvent mixture also significantly affected the morphology and size of the resulting particles. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 111: 3144-3149, 2009″
“In this paper we study the influences of the material parameters on phononic band gaps of two-dimensional solid phononic crystals. The analysis begins with the basic wave equations and derives the material parameters directly determining band gaps. These parameters include the mass density ratio, the shear modulus ratio, and Poisson’s ratios of the scatterer and host materials (or equivalently, the wave velocity ratio, the acoustic impedance ratio, and Poisson’s ratios). The effects of these parameters on phononic band gaps are discussed in details for phononic crystals with different filling fractions and lattice forms for both antiplane and in-plane wave modes. Band gaps are calculated by the plane wave expansion method. The results show that for the antiplane mode, the mass density ratio predominantly determines the band gap, while that for the in-plane mode, both mass density ratio and shear modulus ratio play equally important roles. The maximum band gap will appear at both large density ratio and shear modulus ratio (i.e.