The experiments were performed twice. Acknowledgements The authors wish to acknowledge Mr. Simone Pasquini, Novartis, Siena, Italy, for technical support in preparing the culture media and Dr. John Holton, University College London, medical School, London UK, for paper revision. References
1. Telford JL, Covacci A, Rappuoli R, Ghiara P: Immunobiology of Helicobacter pylori infection. Curr Opin Immunol 1997, 9:498–503.PubMedCrossRef 2. Walker MM, Crabtree JE: Helicobacter pylori infection and the pathogenesis of duodenal ulceration. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998, 859:96–111.PubMedCrossRef 3. Mégraud F: Basis for the management of drug-resistant Helicobacter pylori infection. Drugs 2004, 64:1893–1904.PubMedCrossRef CX-5461 price 4. Kusters JG, van Vliet LGX818 AH, Kuipers EJ: Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 2006, 19:449–490.PubMedCrossRef
5. O’Connor A, Gisbert JP, McNamara D, O’Morain C: Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection 2010. Helicobacter 2010, 15:46–52.PubMedCrossRef 6. Gatta L, Vakil N, Leandro G, Di Mario F, Vaira D: Sequential therapy or triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in adults and children. Am J Gastroenterol 2009, 104:3069–3079.PubMedCrossRef 7. Malfertheiner P, Bazzoli F, Delchier JC, Celiñski K, Giguère M, Rivière M, Mégraud F, Pylera Study Group: Helicobacter pylori eradication with a cAMP capsule containing bismuth subcitrate potassium, metronidazole, and tetracycline given with omeprazole versus clarithromycin-based triple therapy: a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2011, 377:905–913.PubMedCrossRef 8. Parente F,
Cucino C, Bianchi PG: Treatment options for patients with Helicobacter pylori infection resistant to one or more eradication attempts. Dig Liver Dis 2003, 35:523–528.PubMedCrossRef 9. De Francesco V, Giorgio F, Hassan C, Manes G, Vannella L, Panella C, Ierardi E, Zullo A: Worldwide H. pylori antibiotic resistance: a systematic review. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 2010, 19:409–414.PubMed 10. Selgrad M, Malfertheiner P: Treatment of Helicobacter pylori . Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2011, 27:565–570.PubMedCrossRef 11. Fischbach L, Evans EL: Meta-analysis: the effect of antibiotic resistance status on the efficacy of triple and quadruple first-line therapies for Helicobacter pylori . Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007, 26:343–357.PubMedCrossRef 12. Laine L, Fennerty MB, Osato M, Sugg J, Suchower L, Probst P, Levine JG: Esomeprazole-based Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy and the effect of antibiotic resistance: results of three US multicenter, double-blind trials. Am J Gastroenterol 2000, 95:3393–3398.PubMedCrossRef 13. Treiber G, Malfertheiner P, Klotz U: Treatment and dosing of Helicobacter pylori infection: when pharmacology meets clinic. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2007, 8:329–350.PubMedCrossRef 14.