Good evidence suggests that intrauterine anesthesia is not effective in hysterosalpingography; three good-quality studies reported ACP-196 supplier that pain scores were not reduced, and no good quality studies showed a beneficial effect in that procedure. Evidence was insufficient concerning first-trimester abortion, saline-infusion ultrasonogram, tubal sterilization, and intrauterine device insertion.

CONCLUSION: Intrauterine local anesthesia can reduce pain in several gynecologic procedures including endometrial biopsy, curettage,

and hysteroscopy and may be effective in other procedures as well. (Obstet Gynecol 2012; 120: 669-77) DOI: http://10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182639ab5″
“Two new cycloartane-type glycosides, caspicuside I and caspicuside II, were isolated along with two known saponins, cycloastragenol and astragaloside

IV, from the roots of Astragalus caspicus. As the aglycon group, caspicuside I possesses 3,6,16,(24S),25-pentahydroxycycloartane (cyclocanthagenol), while caspicuside II owns (20R, 24S)-epoxy-3, 6,16, 25-tetrahydroxycycloartane (cycloastragenol). The chemical structures of these new cycloartane-type glycosides were established as 3-O–L-rhamnopyranosyl-16-O–D-xylopyranosyl-cyclocanthogenol and 3-O-[-D-xylopyranosyl(1 3)--D-glucopyranosyl]-6-O–xylopyranosyl-cycloastragenol, respectively. These findings add to a Galunisertib mw growing body of literature demonstrating the high variation of cycloartane-type triterpene glycosides in different species of Astragalus.”
“OBJECTIVE: Suprapubic catheterization is commonly used for postoperative

bladder drainage after gynecologic procedures. However, recent studies have suggested an increased rate of complications compared with urethral catheterization. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing suprapubic catheterization and urethral catheterization in gynecologic populations.

DATA Cyclopamine solubility dmso SOURCES: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and trial registries were searched from 1966 to March 2012 for eligible randomized controlled trials comparing postoperative suprapubic catheterization and urethral catheterization in gynecologic patients. We used these search terms: “”catheter,”" “”supra(-)pubic catheter,”" “”urinary catheter,”" “”gyn(a)ecological,”" “”catheterization techniques gyn(a) ecological surgery,”" “”transurethral catheter,”" and “”bladder drainage.”" No language restrictions were applied.

METHODS AND STUDY SELECTION: The primary outcome was urinary tract infection. Secondary outcomes were the need for recatheterization, duration of catheterization, catheter-related complications, and duration of hospital stay. Pooled effect size estimates were calculated using the random effects model from DerSimonian and Laird.