First published September 28, 2012; doi:10.1152/ajplung.00192.2012.-Respiratory

syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most common causes of bronchiolitis and pneumonia among infants and young children worldwide. In previous investigations, we have shown that RSV infection induces rapid generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which modulate viral-induced cellular signaling, and downregulation of antioxidant enzyme (AOE) expression, resulting in oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo, which plays a pathogenetic role in RSV-induced lung disease. In this study, we determined whether pharmacological intervention with synthetic catalytic scavengers could reduce RSV-induced proinflammatory gene expression and oxidative cell damage in an in vitro model of infection. Treatment of FK228 in vivo airway epithelial cells (AECs) with the salen-manganese complexes EUK-8 or EUK-189, which possess superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activity, strongly reduced RSV-induced ROS formation by increasing cellular AOE enzymatic activity and levels of the lipid peroxidation products F-2-8-isoprostane and malondialdehyde, which are markers of oxidative stress. Treatment of AECs with AOE mimetics also significantly inhibited RSV-induced cytokine and chemokine secretion and activation

of the transcription factors nuclear factor-kappa B and interferon regulatory factor-3, which orchestrate proinflammatory gene expression. Both EUKs were able to reduce viral replication, when used at EPZ015938 nmr high doses. see more These results suggest that increasing antioxidant cellular capacities can significantly impact RSV-associated oxidative cell damage and cellular signaling and could represent a novel therapeutic approach in modulating virus-induced lung disease.”
“The preclinical pharmacological

profile of 6-hydroxy-8-[(1R)-1hydroxy-2-[[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]amino]ethyl]-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one monohydrochloride (olodaterol, previously known as BI 1744 CL), a novel, enantiomeric pure, inhaled human beta(2)-adrenoceptor (h beta(2)-AR) agonist, was compared with marketed drugs, such as salmeterol and formoterol. In vitro, olodaterol showed a potent, nearly full agonistic response at the beta(2)-AR (EC(50) = 0.1 nM; intrinsic activity = 88% compared with isoprenaline) and a significant selectivity profile (219- and 1622-fold against the h beta(1)- and h beta(3)-ARs, respectively). Likewise, olodaterol was able to potently reverse contraction induced by different stimuli in isolated human bronchi. In vivo, antagonistic effects of single doses of olodaterol and formoterol were measured against acetylcholine challenges in anesthetized guinea pigs and dogs for up to 24 h by using the Respimat Soft Mist inhaler. Heart rate and metabolic parameters (serum potassium, lactate, and glucose) were monitored to evaluate systemic pharmacodynamic effects in the dog model. In both models, olodaterol provided bronchoprotection over 24 h.