5%) in the control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: The modified technique was effective in obtaining appropriate meatal location without decreasing the penile length. The complication rate was not changed. Creation of resultant hypospadias at genitalia reconstruction in male epispadias should

strongly be prevented.”
“Background. Abnormalities in the connectivity of white-matter (WM) tracts in schizophrenia are supported by evidence from post-mortem investigations, functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The aims of this study were to explore the microstructural changes in first-episode schizophrenia in a selleck screening library Han Chinese population and to investigate whether a family history of psychiatric disorder is related to the severity of WM tract integrity abnormalities in these patients.

Method. T1-weighted MR and DT images were collected in 68 patients with first-episode schizophrenia [22 with a positive family history (PFH) and 46 with a negative family history (NFH)] and 100 healthy controls. Voxel-based analysis was performed and WM integrity was quantified by fractional anisotropy (FA). Cluster-and Buparlisib in vivo voxel-level analyses were performed by using two-sample t tests between patients and controls and/or using a full factorial model with one factor and three levels among the three sample groups (patients with PFH or NFH,

and controls), as appropriate.

Results. FA deficits were observed in the patient group, especially in the left temporal lobe and right corpus callosum. This effect was more severe in the non-familial schizophrenia than in the familial schizophrenia subgroup.

Conclusions. Overall, these findings support the hypothesis that loss of WM integrity may be an important pathophysiological feature of schizophrenia, with particular implications for brain dysmaturation in non-familial and familial schizophrenia.”
“Purpose: Bladder augmentation by enterocystoplasty or detrusorectomy might prevent renal damage, help achieve dryness and decrease the need for antimuscarinics.

We compared the long-term outcomes of enterocystoplasty and detrusorectomy in adults with spina bifida.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective study using the hospital electronic database was performed. We identified 47 patients with spina bifida (median age at followup 26.8 years) who underwent either enterocystoplasty or detrusorectomy between many 1988 and 2004. Median followup was 13.1 years in the detrusorectomy group and 15.3 years in the enterocystoplasty group.

Results: In the detrusorectomy group 4 patients with treatment failure were identified. All 4 patients underwent secondary enterocystoplasty. No reoperation was necessary in the enterocystoplasty group. Preoperative bladder volume was approximately 100 ml higher in the detrusorectomy group (not significant). There was a significantly greater improvement of median bladder volume in the enterocystoplasty group (increase of 300 vs 77.