Clin Microbiol Infect 2007,13(9):863–72.CrossRefPubMed

31. Clermont O, Bonacorsi S, Bingen E: Rapid and simple determination of the p38 inhibitors clinical trials Escherichia coli phylogenetic group. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000, 66:4555–8.CrossRefPubMed Authors’ contributions AMP, JB, KAK participated in the design of the study. AMP and JB contacted patients and controls and performed the sigmoidoscopies, KAK was responsible for isolation of E. coli and microbiological tests. AMP and KAK drafted the manuscript and performed the statistical analysis. EMN, EVL and HMI performed the molecular genetic studies and serotyping. All authors read and GS-1101 clinical trial approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, a gram negative capsulated rod Apoptosis inhibitor bacterium, is the etiologic agent of a severe, highly infectious and often fatal pleuropneumonia in swine, which is distributed world wide and results in severe losses in the swine industry. Based on capsular antigens, 15 serotypes of A. pleuropneumoniae to date have been documented, and all serotypes are capable of causing disease though differences in virulence have been described [1]. Among these serotypes, serotype 3 is one of the predominant serotypes in China [2]. So far, satisfactory protection

has not been achieved in the A. pleuropneumoniae vaccination field in spite of intensive attempts made on inactivated whole-cell vaccines, live avirulent vaccines, which showed partial protection against

challenges with homologous or heterologous serotypes[3]. Although currently available subunit vaccines contain important antigens, such as ApxI, ApxII and ApxIII, produced in various combinations by the different serotypes of A. pleuropneumoniae[4], they could not provide complete protection against A. pleuropneumoniae[3]. Thus identifying more conserved antigens is necessary for the development of novel vaccines, and in this study the immunogenic proteins of JL03 serotype 3 will be investigated to provide data for novel vaccine development. Extracellular proteins (ECPs) and OMPs in pathogens are involved in colonization, adhesion to and invasion of host cells. Cetuximab They interact directly with the host immune systems while playing crucial roles in the course of infections. Thus it is feasible to identify the important vaccine candidates from these sub-fractions. Currently, the immunoproteomic approach is a powerful tool to systematically identify immunogenic proteins from pathogens, and novel antigens have been successfully discovered from S. streptococcus [5], B. anthrax [6] and S. flexneri [7] by this approach from bacterial subfractions, such as outer membrane proteins. Recently, Chung et al. performed systematically proteomic analysis on OMPs of A.