falciparum populations (e.g., [34]). For example, the fact that the same conserved set of HBs can describe var sequence diversity at multiple geographic
scales and locations reveals strong balancing selection to maintain ancient sequence fragments across vast expanses of time and space. The complex BX-795 mouse ecological and evolutionary dynamics that are at play warrant further study because they likely shape P. falciparum antigenic diversity, and in so doing, strongly impact the epidemiology of malaria. Acknowledgements We thank Donald selleck compound S. Chen and Yael Artzy-Randrup for helpful input related to this work. MP is an Investigator at Howard Hughes Medical Institute. EBB was supported by a Department of Energy Computational Science Graduate Fellowship (grant DE-FG02-97ER25308). Electronic supplementary material Additional file 1: Additional figures. Figure S1. Respiratory distress (RD) as a function of host age and rosetting. Figure
S2. HB composition of known rosetting var genes. Figure S3. Linkage disequilibrium coefficient (D) values for all pairs of HBs in the genomic dataset. Figure S4. Community partition of weighted linkage network of HBs. Figure S5. HB-HB expression rate correlation matrix. Figure S6. Model of respiratory distress. Figure S7. Relationship between rosetting and respiratory distress. Figure S8. Relationship between impaired consciousness https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pf299804.html and the expression of various var types and HBs. Figure S9. The best fit relationship between six variables and rosetting using a window analysis. Figure S10. Relationship between rosetting and expression rates of var types and HBs. Figure S11. PC-classic var type association network. Figure S12. PC-HB relationships. Figure S13. Principal components in data space. Figure S14. The amount of variation explained by each PC. Figure S15. PCA for mafosfamide two subsets of the data. Figure S16. Representation of select homology blocks. Figure S17. HB-classic var type association network. (PDF 11 MB) Additional file 2: Further explanation of methods. (PDF 59 KB) Additional
file 3: Additional tables. Table S1. Multiple regression models of rosetting that include an HB expression rate as an independent variable. Table S2. Multiple regression models of rosetting that include an HB expression PC as an independent variable. Table S3. Statistics for multiple regression models predicting rosetting with and without age. (PDF 711 KB) References 1. Chan JA, Howell KB, Reiling L, Ataide R, Mackintosh CL, Fowkes FJ, Petter M, Chesson JM, Langer C, Warimwe GM, et al.: Targets of antibodies against plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes in malaria immunity. J Clin Invest 2012,122(9):3227–3238.PubMedCrossRef 2. Chen DS, Barry AE, Leliwa-Sytek A, Smith TA, Peterson I, Brown SM, Migot-Nabias F, Deloron P, Kortok MM, Marsh K, et al.