Habitat complexity was a significant factor for defining EFH for YOY gadoids, with abundances of YOY always Fer-1 significantly higher in eelgrass and/or

kelp than on unvegetated sand/mud. One species, Microgadus tomcod, also was significantly more abundant in Casco Bay than in the other two estuaries.”
“Fisheries often exert selective pressures through elevated mortality on a nonrandom component of exploited stocks. Selective removal of individuals will alter the composition of a given population, with potential consequences for its size structure, stability and evolution. Gillnets are known to harvest fish according to size. It is not known, however, whether delayed mortality due to disentanglement from gillnets exerts selective pressures that reinforce or counteract harvest selection. We examined gillnet disentanglement in exploited populations GKT137831 molecular weight of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Bristol Bay,

Alaska, to characterize the length distribution of fish that disentangle from gillnets and determine whether nonretention mortality reinforces harvest selection and exerts common pressures according to sex and age. We also evaluated discrete spawning populations to determine whether nonretention affects populations with different morphologies in distinct ways. In aggregate, nonretention mortality in fish that disentangle from gillnets counters harvest selection but with different effects by sex and age. At the level of individual spawning populations, nonretention mortality may exert stabilizing, disruptive, or directional selection depending on the size distribution of a given population. Our

analyses suggest nonretention mortality exerts significant selective pressures and should be explicitly included in analyses of fishery-induced selection.”
“A novel drug-polymer conjugate was prepared by the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction between an azide-functional diblock copolymer and an alkyne-functional paclitaxel (PTX). The well-defined azide-functional PCI-34051 diblock copolymer, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-b-P(OEGEEMA-co-AzPMA), was synthesized via the atom transfer radical polymerization of oligo(ethylene glycol) ethyl ether methacrylate (OEGEEMA) and 3-azidopropyl methacrylate (AzPMA), using PEG-Br as macroinitiator and CuBr/PMDETA as a catalytic system. The alkyne-functional PTX was covalently linked to the copolymer via a click reaction, and the loading content of PTX could be easily tuned by varying the feeding ratio. Transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering results indicated that the drug loaded copolymers could self-assemble into micelles in aqueous solution. Moreover, the drug release behavior of PEG-b-P(OEGEEMA-co-AzPMA-PTX) was pH dependent, and the cumulative release amount of PTX were 50.