However, findings for the MD beverage were significantly lower than P at all timepoints. The most likely explanation is that the ingestion of MD + F resulted in higher overall CHOTOT and CHOEXO, particularly in the final 30 minutes of the oxidation trial. As saturation of the SGLT1 transporter may have occurred with MD, fluid uptake across of the intestinal lumen may have been restricted. The inclusion of fructose, however, may have prevented complete intestinal SGLT1 saturation, hence allowing continued fluid uptake.

Rapamycin ic50 Our results are comparable to previous research [8, 14, 16], although plasma 2H2O enrichment values were deemed higher in the current study where an MD + F beverage was used. In previous studies, increasing beverage concentration above 6% resulted in reduced fluid delivery based on a glucose only beverage [14]. Whilst this may, in part, explain findings for the MD beverage, it would appear that the combined use of MD + F at a 10% concentration did not restrict

fluid delivery. During events lasting longer than 2 hours where acute dehydration and carbohydrate depletion may limit sustained performance, the use of a commercial MD + F beverage may therefore support both high fluid delivery and CHOEXO rates. The use of combined carbohydrate beverages has been shown to enhance XAV-939 solubility dmso exercise performance [22–24]. However, several of these

studies did not assess CHOEXO to support conclusions, or use commercial formulas more applicable to the end user. Recent studies have indicated that running performance may not be enhanced when commercial beverages are employed [26]. In the current study, 8 participants were unable to complete the 60 km performance test, demonstrating the demanding nature of the protocol. However, data for finishers of all trials indicated that performance times and corresponding mean power outputs were significantly improved with MD + F. Mean power output was 14.9% higher during the MD + F trial compared to MD, and selleckchem 13% higher compared to P. This observation compares with previous findings [22], and may be a consequence of the higher CHOTOT and CHOEXO at the end of the oxidation trial with MD + F. Surprisingly mean power output was comparable between MD and P, which may indicate subjective perception of the test beverages and hence relative effort, despite being randomly assigned to trial order. As all participants were able to complete the performance trial when consuming the test beverages, this demonstrates the benefit of regularly consuming CHO during sustained exercise. However, in a similar manner, performance times and mean power output was significantly improved with MD + F compared with MD for all participants (n = 14).