Immunoadsorbed proteins were resolved by SDS/PAGE before the transfer Obeticholic Acid to nitrocellulose membranes (PALL BioSciences, Ville St. Laurent, Quebec, Canada), which were probed with the indicated antibodies and visualized by using the ECL reagent (Millipore, Billerica, MA). VLR32 immunoprecipitates and control precipitates consisting of Jurkat cell lysates incubated with anti-HA antibodies and protein G beads were eluted in 8 M urea/100 mM ammonium bicarbonate at 95 °C. Eluates were reduced with 10 mM DTT for 20 min at 60 °C, allowed to cool at room

temperature, and alkylated with 10 mM iodoacetamide for 15 min at room temperature in the dark. Samples were diluted 4-fold in 100 mM ammonium bicarbonate to reach a concentration of ≤ 2 mM urea prior to overnight proteolytic digest with 10 mg/ml trypsin at room temperature. The resulting tryptic peptide samples were acidified with trifluoroacetic acid at a final concentration of 1% prior to desalting and purification using offline C18 reverse-phase

chromatography. Samples were then dried in a vacuum centrifuge and re-dissolved in 0.1% formic acid for LC–MS/MS analysis. Inline C18 reverse-phase chromatography was performed over a 120-minute gradient using an integrated nano-LC system (Easy-nLC, Proxeon Biosystems A/S, Odense, Denmark), coupled to a linear ion trap-Orbitrap hybrid mass spectrometer instrument (LTQ-Orbitrap, find more Thermo, San Jose, CA). Profile

mode MS spectra were acquired at a 60,000 full-width half-maximum (FWHM) resolution in the Orbitrap whereas MS/MS spectra were acquired in the linear ion trap. Tandem mass spectra were extracted from the raw data files (.RAW) using Mascot (Matrix Science, London, UK; version Mascot) and X! Tandem (The GPM, thegpm.org; version CYCLONE (2010.12.01.1)) engines to search the ipi.HUMAN.v3.87 database (91464 entries) assuming trypsin Tyrosine-protein kinase BLK digest and allowing a maximum of 1 miss cleavage. Search was performed with a fragment (MS/MS) ion mass tolerance of 0.50 Da and a parent (MS) ion tolerance of 10.0 ppm. Carbamidomethylation of cysteine was specified as a fixed modification and oxidation of methionine was specified as a variable modification. Scaffold (version Scaffold_3.3.1, Proteome Software Inc., Portland, OR) was used to validate MS/MS-based peptide and protein identifications. Peptide identifications were accepted if they exceeded specific database search engine thresholds. Mascot identifications required at least ion scores must be greater than both the associated identity scores and 20. X! Tandem identifications required at least − Log(Expect Scores) scores of greater than 2.0. Protein identifications were accepted if they contained at least 2 identified peptides.