Nobuko Hijiya, Frederic

Millot, and Meinolf Suttorp Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a rare disease in children. Although there is little evidence of biological differences between CML in children and adults, host factors are very different. Children develop distinct morbidities related to the off-target effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The goal of treatment in children should be cure rather than suppression of disease, which can be the treatment goal for many older adults. This article reviews data from the literature on the treatment of CML, discusses the issues that are unique to CML in children, and recommends management that takes these issues into consideration. Kelly W. Maloney, Jeffrey W. Taub, Yaddanapudi Ivacaftor manufacturer Ravindranath, Irene Roberts, and Paresh Vyas Children with Down syndrome (DS) and acute leukemias acute have unique biological, cytogenetic, and intrinsic factors that affect their treatment and outcome. Myeloid leukemia of Down syndrome (ML-DS) is associated with high event-free

survival (EFS) rates and frequently preceded by a preleukemia condition, the transient abnormal hematopoiesis (TAM) present at birth. For acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), their EFS and overall survival are poorer than non-DS ALL, and it is important to enroll them on therapeutic trials, including relapse click here trials; investigate new agents that could potentially improve their leukemia-free survival; and strive to maximize the supportive Diflunisal care these patients need. Carl E. Allen, Kara M. Kelly, and Catherine M. Bollard Although there have been dramatic improvements in the treatment of children with non-hodgkin lymphoma, hodgkin lymphoma and histiocytic disorders over the past 3 decades, many still relapse or are refractory to primary therapy. In addition, late effects such as 2nd malignancies, cardiomyopathy and infertility remain a major concern. Thus, this review focuses on the current state of the science and, in particular, novel treatment strategies that are aimed at improving outcomes for all pediatric

patients with lymphoma and histiocytic disorders while reducing treatment related morbidity. Murali Chintagumpala and Amar Gajjar The past 2 decades have witnessed a revolution in the management of childhood brain tumors, with the establishment of multidisciplinary teams and national and international consortiums that led to significant improvements in the outcomes of children with brain tumors. Unprecedented cooperation within the pediatric neuro-oncology community and sophisticated rapidly evolving technology have led to advances that are likely to revolutionize treatment strategies and improve outcomes. Josephine H. HaDuong, Andrew A. Martin, Stephen X. Skapek, and Leo Mascarenhas Malignant bone tumors (osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma) and soft-tissue sarcomas (rhabdomyosarcoma, nonrhabdomyosarcoma) account for approximately 14% of childhood malignancies.