To achieve this, wild-type MR-1 and Δso2426 mutant strains were allowed to grow in LB medium supplemented VS-4718 order with 80 μM of the Fe chelator 2,2′-dipyridyl to simulate iron-limiting conditions. Other studies demonstrated that a 2,2′-dipyridyl

concentration of ≤ 100 μM had a negligible effect, if any, on the growth rate of S. oneidensis MR-1 and certain mutant strains under aerobic conditions [14, 43]. Similarly, we observed that MR-1 and the Δso2426 mutant could grow aerobically at relatively Autophagy inhibitor normal rates in LB supplemented with 80 μM of 2,2′-dipyridyl (Figure 7A), indicating that environmental Fe was not scavenged below a critical Fe threshold necessary for growth. As shown in Figure 7B, the Δso2426 mutant was unable to produce CAS-reactive OICR-9429 chemical structure siderophores at wild-type rates under aerobic growth conditions in the absence of 2,2′-dipyridyl.

This deficiency was enhanced in the presence of iron chelator (Figure 7B). Relative siderophore production by wild-type MR-1 increased sharply, attaining a maximum level at the 6-h time point following exposure to 2,2′-dipyridyl (Figure 7C). At this time interval, we detected an 11-fold increase in the synthesis of CAS-reactive siderophores for MR-1 under iron depletion compared to MR-1 under iron-sufficient conditions (LB only). In the same 6-h time period, there was only a marginal elevation in siderophore production by the Δso2426 mutant, which exhibited substantially reduced levels of siderophore production compared to MR-1 under iron depletion conditions (Figure 7C). Figure 7 Growth capacity and siderophore production by wild-type MR-1 and Δ so2426 strains in the presence of 2,2′-dipyridyl. (A) Aerobic growth of wild-type MR-1 (closed triangles) and the Δso2426 mutant (open circles) Oxymatrine in LB supplemented with 80 μM of the Fe chelator 2,2′-dipyridyl. Cell growth was assessed for triplicate cultures and plotted as the mean OD600 ± SEM. (B) Absorbance

at 630 nm of CAS-treated samples in the absence (open symbols) and presence (closed symbols) of 2,2′-dipyridyl. Results are shown for wild-type MR-1 (squares), the Δso2426 mutant (circles), and LB only (triangles). (C) Relative production of CAS-reactive siderophores by wild-type MR-1 (closed symbols) and the Δso2426 mutant (open symbols) under aerobic growth conditions. 2,2′-dipyridyl (80 μM) was added to mid-log-phase (OD600, 0.6) MR-1 and Δso2426 mutant cultures cultivated in LB broth, and relative siderophore synthesis was monitored over time using the CAS-based siderophore detection assay. The relative siderophore production was calculated by subtracting the supernatant A630 (absorbance at 630 nm) for the wild type or mutant from the control (uninoculated LB medium) and then determining the ratio of corrected supernatant A630 to control A630. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean for three replicate CAS measurements. Circles represent unamended LB cultures; squares represent iron-depleted cultures.