Wallemia sebi was grown ICG-001 ic50 in 500-mL Erlenmayer flasks in liquid culture on a rotary shaker at 28 °C and 180 r.p.m. for 14 days (until stationary growth phase). The medium (150 mL per flask) was composed of 0.8 g L−1 complete supplement mixture (CSM; Q-Biogene Bio-Systems, France), 1.7 g L−1 yeast nitrogen base (YNB; Q-Biogene Bio Systems), 20.0 g L−1 glucose (Chemica, Croatia), 5.0 g L−1 (NH4)2SO4, and 200.0 g L−1 NaCl (Merck, Germany). The final concentration of NaCl in the growth medium was either 5% or 20%. After 15 days of incubation, the fermentation broth medium (1200 mL) was filtered (pore size, 0.8 μm). The separated mycelia were washed with 5% or 20% NaCl in distilled H2O, to remove all traces

of growth medium. These fungal mycelia were immediately freeze-dried and stored at −20 °C until the ethanol extraction. Ten milliliters of 96% ethanol was added to 1 g lyophilized dry mycelia. The mixture was extracted overnight by orbital shaking at 25 °C and then centrifuged at 10 g for 40 min, followed by centrifugation at 21 500 g for 15 min. The obtained supernatant was used in all of the biological assays. The total solids (TS) in ethanolic extract were subsequently determined

by gravimetry. The characterization of this ethanolic extract from W. sebi was performed using gas Selleckchem Small molecule library chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). This analysis by GC/MS was carried out using an Agilent 6890N/5973 GC/MSD system. The interface, source, and quadrupole temperatures were set to 280, 150, and 230 °C, respectively. An inert DB-5ms Agilent J&W column (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm) was used, and 1 μL of the fraction to be analyzed was injected. Splitless injection was used, at a temperature of 280 °C. The oven temperature was set to 50 °C for 10 min, followed by step heating at 40 °C min−1, up to 200 °C. Acquisition was in the EI mode, with the mass range set for m/z 45–450. The identification of the compounds in the ethanolic extract was performed by comparison of peaks with the mass spectra of both the Wiley library and the NIST02 internal reference. The hemolytic activity of the ethanolic

extract from W. sebi was determined by combining 20 μL of the extract in various final concentrations Resveratrol with 80 μL of suspension of bovine erythrocytes in the erythrocyte buffer [140 mM NaCl, 20 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS) (Merck), pH 7.4], as described by Sepčić et al. (2003). The time necessary for 50% hemolysis (t50) was determined at the end of each experiment. All experiments were performed at 25 °C and with three repeats. Twenty microliters of ethanol-dissolved oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2), and palmitic acids (C16:0) in various final concentrations, both in pure solutions or combined in 1 : 1 : 1 molar ratio, was also assayed using the same procedure. All the used fatty acids were from Fluka (Germany).