Design: Case series.
Patients/methods: The reports of esophageal biopsy specimens taken over 5 years in 2429 patients were reviewed. Ninety-two patients who received their initial diagnosis of EoE by the pediatric otolaryngology service with specimens showing 15 or greater eosinophils per high power field (HPF) were included.
Interventions: The demographic data, history,
presenting symptoms, and endoscopic findings were reviewed retrospectively for the patients.
Main outcome measure: The percentage of children diagnosed with EoE of all children undergoing esophageal biopsy.
Results: A total of 92 children were diagnosed with EoE (3.8% of total children biopsied). The mean age at biopsy was 4.4 years, much lower than previously HTS assay reported in the literature (approximately 8 years); 73% were boys and 27% girls. The main presenting symptom was cough (46%) followed by hoarseness, throat clearing, burping/vomiting, and abdominal pain. Forty three percent had a history GNS-1480 Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor of asthma and 17% a history of GERD. Half of patients had esophageal edema, a
third were normal, and only a quarter had mucosal furrowing on endoscopic examination.
Conclusions: EoE is increasingly diagnosed as a clinical entity with a distinct symptom profile and etiology. Increased understanding of EoE and its predisposing factors requires a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and management involving the pediatric otolaryngologist. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Arterial graft spasm occasionally causes circulatory collapse immediately following coronary artery bypass graft. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of our developed materials, which were composed of milrinone (phosphodiesterase III inhibitor) BAY 11-7082 or diltiazem (calcium-channel blocker), with nano-scaled fibre made of biodegradable polymer to prevent arterial spasm.
Milrinone- or diltiazem-releasing biodegradable nano-scaled fibres were fabricated by an electrospinning procedure. In vivo milrinone- or diltiazem-releasing tests were performed to confirm
the sustained release of the drugs. An in vivo arterial spasm model was established by subcutaneous injection of noradrenalin around the rat femoral artery. Rats were randomly divided into four groups as follows: those that received 5 mg of milrinone-releasing biodegradable nano-scaled fibre (group M, n = 14); 5 mg of diltiazem-releasing biodegradable nano-scaled fibre (group D, n = 12); or those that received fibre without drugs (as a control; group C, n = 14) implanted into the rat femoral artery. In the fourth group, sham operation was performed (group S, n = 10). One day after the implantation, noradrenalin was injected in all groups. The femoral arterial blood flow was measured continuously before and after noradrenalin injection. The maximum blood flow before noradrenalin injection and minimum blood flow after noradrenalin injection were measured.