This results in a strong uniaxial anisotropy and an easy magnetization axis perpendicular to the film plane up to the thickness up to which the films remain tetragonally distorted. The strongest perpendicular anisotropy is achieved when the Fe0.5Co0.5 films PR-171 mw are grown on Rh(001) (c/a = 1.24); it systematically decreases for Ir(001) (c/a = 1.18) and Pd(001) (c/a = 1.13) substrates. The phenomenon can be understood as a result of an

increasing uniaxial anisotropy with an increasing c/a ratio up to the maximum at c/a = 1.24 for which the maximum uniaxial magnetic anisotropy has been theoretically predicted. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3075985]“
“We utilize a recently developed

microfluidic device, the Optimized Shape Cross-slot Extensional Rheometer (OSCER), to study the elongational flow behavior and rheological properties of hyaluronic acid (HA) solutions representative of the synovial fluid (SF) found in the knee joint. The OSCER geometry is a stagnation point device that imposes a planar extensional flow with a homogenous extension rate over a significant length of the inlet and outlet channel axes. Due to the compressive nature of the flow generated along the inlet channels, and the planar elongational flow along the outlet channels, the GSK126 chemical structure flow field in the OSCER device can also be considered as representative of the flow field that arises between compressing articular cartilage layers of the knee joints during running or jumping movements. Full-field birefringence microscopy measurements demonstrate a high degree of localized macromolecular

orientation along streamlines passing close to the stagnation point of the OSCER device, while micro-particle image velocimetry is used to quantify the flow kinematics. selleck The stress-optical rule is used to assess the local extensional viscosity in the elongating fluid elements as a function of the measured deformation rate. The large limiting values of the dimensionless Trouton ratio, Tr similar to O(50), demonstrate that these fluids are highly extensional-thickening, providing a clear mechanism for the load-dampening properties of SF. The results also indicate the potential for utilizing the OSCER in screening of physiological SF samples, which will lead to improved understanding of, and therapies for, disease progression in arthritis sufferers. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.”
“Background: A promising strategy to prevent infections around orthopaedic titanium implants is to use naturally occurring cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPS) such as the human beta-defensin-2 as antibacterial coatings. Human antimicrobial peptides represent a part of the innate immune system and have a broad antimicrobial spectrum against bacteria, fungi, and viruses.