P. fluorescens Pf0-1 has specific genetic responses to different soil types, but also general mechanisms required for

persistence. Our observation that sif2 is important in two distinct soil types points to a general phenomenon in which bacterial responsiveness to nitrogen and its shunting into central metabolism via glutamine in situ is critical for fitness. This concept is further supported by the observation that several of soil-activated sequences are associated with putative σ54 promoters. Thus, a general key element in bacterial find more adaptation to soils is to maintain nitrogen homeostasis. Acknowledgements This work was supported in part by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant 2010-65110-20392 from the USDA’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Microbial Functional

Genomics Program. References 1. Chin-A-Woeng TFC, Bloemberg GV, van der Bij AJ, van der Drift KMGM, Schripsema J, Kroon B, Scheffer RJ, Keel C, Bakker PAHM, Tichy HV: Biocontrol by phenazine-1-carboxamide-producing Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1391 of tomato root rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis – lycopersici . Mol Plant Microbe Interact 1998, 11:1069–1077.CrossRef 2. Thomashow LS, Weller DM: Role of a phenazine antibiotic from Pseudomonas fluorescens in biological control of Gaeumannomyces graminis selleck inhibitor var. tritici . J Bacteriol 1988, 170:3499–3508.PubMed 3. Hill DS, Stein JI, Torkiewitz NR, Morse AM, Howell CR, Pachlatko JP, Becker JO, Ligon JM: Cloning of genes involved in the synthesis of pyrrolnitrin from Pseudomonas fluorescens and role of pyrrolnitrin synthesis in biological control of plant disease. Appl Environ Microbiol 1994, 60:78–85.PubMed 4. Laville J, Combretastatin A4 solubility dmso Blumer C, Von Schroetter C, Gaia V, Defago G, Keel C, Haas D: Characterization of

the hcnABC gene cluster encoding hydrogen cyanide synthase and anaerobic regulation by ANR in the strictly aerobic biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0. J Bacteriol 1998, 180:3187–3196.PubMed 5. de Souza JT, Weller DM, Raaijmakers 4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase JM: Frequency, Diversity, and Activity of 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol-Producing Fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. in Dutch Take-all Decline Soils. Phytopathology 2003, 93:54–63.PubMedCrossRef 6. Fenton AM, Stephens PM, Crowley J, O’Callaghan M, O’Gara F: Exploitation of gene(s) involved in 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol biosynthesis to confer a new biocontrol capability to a Pseudomonas strain. Appl Environ Microbiol 1992, 58:3873–3878.PubMed 7. Howell CR, Stipanovic RD: Suppression of Pythium ultimum -induced damping-off of cotton seedlings by Pseudomonas fluorescens and its antibiotic, pyoluteorin. Phytopathology 1980, 70:712–715.CrossRef 8. Nishiyama E, Ohtsubo Y, Nagata Y, Tsuda M: Identification of Burkholderia multivorans ATCC 17616 genes induced in soil environment by in vivo expression technology. Environ Microbiol 2010, 12:2539–2558.