2). O cálculo do PCDAI indica actividade da doença se for superior a 20. Na amostra avaliada a mediana/média ( ± DP) do PCDAI calculado aos 0, 6, 12 e 14 meses foi respetivamente de 40/35,91 (DP ± 16,16), 5/5,53 (DP ± 6,70), 0/6,38 (DP ± 8,65) e 3,75/5,52 (DP ± 8,69).

Na apresentação praticamente todos os doentes iniciaram terapêutica com salicilados (n = 32). A corticoterapia foi instituída em 30 doentes e foi iniciada imunossupressão com azatioprina em 24. Quatro doentes iniciaram ABT-199 clinical trial dieta polimérica como opção inicial de tratamento (12,1%). A corticoterapia não foi usada durante longos períodos, o que é visível no número reduzido de doentes sob terapêutica aos 6, 12 e 24 meses, neste último apenas em 2 casos. De referir que o uso de corticoterapia presente aos 12 e aos 24 meses de tratamento refere-se ao uso deste anti-inflamatório em recaídas e não como regime contínuo

desde a indução. A terapêutica com azatioprina foi mantida até aos 12 meses em 28 casos e até aos 24 meses em 22 (fig. 3). A terapêutica com infliximab foi usada desde o início por falência primária de terapêutica de primeira linha num dos casos, sendo mais representativa aos 6 meses (n = 4) e em 9 doentes aos 12 meses, por corticodependência. Quando foram avaliados os parâmetros antropométricos verificamos que, na data do diagnóstico, a maioria das crianças www.selleckchem.com/TGF-beta.html com doença de Crohn apresentava atraso estatural e perda ponderal associada, traduzidas num Z-score de −1,5. Durante a evolução da doença verificou-se uma evolução de + 1 Z-score em relação ao peso, o que não evidenciou paralelismo na estatura. Na avaliação estatural observou-se, na data do diagnóstico, valores entre −1 e −1,5 Z-score que não sofreram alteração após a queda dos valores preditivos de inflamação (PCDAI) e recuperação

ponderal. Benzatropine O cálculo do IMC mostrou uma variação de + 1,5 Z-score durante os 24 meses do estudo ( fig. 4). Dado o pequeno número de casos de crianças que foram tratadas com infliximab, não foi possível efetuar a avaliação estatística da variação antropométrica deste grupo. Em resumo, foi observada evolução favorável no controlo da atividade inflamatória, traduzida na descida do PCDAI após os 6 meses de terapêutica, que não se traduziu na recuperação do atraso estatural como o demonstra o Z-score final do estudo. A série descrita mostra, na nossa população pediátrica, a ausência de correlação entre a melhoria nutricional assim como com o controlo da atividade da doença, e a recuperação do crescimento. Esta observação remete-nos para estudos de grandes dimensões onde o paralelismo de resultados semelhantes é surpreendente. O binómio desnutrição-inflamação não permite explicar todos os casos de atraso de crescimento e por detrás da genética, como atrás sugerido, poderá existir um fator x que determine de início o grupo de doentes de Crohn que poderão exibir uma má evolução estatural.

For detailed characterization of a particular lesion, there is emerging evidence Etoposide manufacturer of synergistic value of simultaneous PET and MRI for certain indications, including local staging, treatment planning and response assessment.

Recent studies have described such potential synergies for brain, head/neck and pancreatic malignancies. For brain tumor radiation treatment planning, one recent study showed advantages of adding 18F-fluoro-ethyl-tyrosine to anatomical MRI for determining the gross tumor volume (GTV) for high-grade glioma [77]. A similar result was found in a meningioma case study in which 68Ga-DOTATOC was employed during simultaneous PET–MRI [78]. The authors used both the PET and MRI data to delineate the GTV and concluded that the combination of the two techniques is clinically feasible, allowed a more detailed visualization of the tumor, may be more accurate for delineation of the target volume and may improve the workflow for radiation therapy planning. While both of these studies made use of simultaneous PET–MRI, there have also been studies that have employed retrospective PET–MRI registration to assess the ability of the two modalities to improve patient care. For head and neck cancer, Huang et al. investigated the diagnostic value of fluorodeoxyglucose

PET (FDG-PET) co-registered to anatomical MRI compared to PET–CT, CT and MRI in advanced buccal squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC; [79]). The authors found that fused PET–MRI images have the highest sensitivity and specificity of the four approaches. Furthermore,

tumor size (i.e., mean maximal diameter) as AT13387 measured by PET–MRI had a higher correlation coefficient (r2= 0.96) with pathologic filipin tumor size than CT (r2= 0.55), MRI (r2= 0.58) or PET/CT (r2= 0.74). The authors concluded that fused PET–MRI is more reliable for assessment of invasion and tumor size delineation in advanced BSCC [79]. For pancreatic cancer, Tatsumi et al. recently contributed a study in which they retrospectively registered 47 FDG-PET data sets to anatomical MRI in order to demonstrate the feasibility of PET–MRI to evaluate pancreatic cancer [80]. They assessed the ability of PET–MRI to visualize the tumors using a five-point scale and also assessed the overall image quality using a three-point scale, with all evaluations compared to PET–CT. The fused PET–MRI data were able to offer additional diagnostic information over stand-alone PET, and the overall image quality was higher with PET–MRI. While not statistically significant, the diagnostic accuracy of PET–MRI was higher (93.0%) than PET–CT (88.4%). This study is of particular interest because it involves image registration of a disease site that is below the neck, where retrospective image registration is especially challenging due to a paucity of rigid fiducials as well as the presence of peristaltic motion.

6–14.7 mM), variable concentrations of Cl− (0.2–6.2 mM) and other major cations, Ca2+ (1.2–4.8 mM), Mg2+ (0.5–2.6 mM), Na+ (0.2–7.3 mM) and K+ (0.01–5.7 mM). The groundwater displayed low concentrations of SO42− (0.0–1.5 mM), PO43−(0–9.7 μM), NH3+ (0–2.8 μM), NO2− (0–0.2 μM) and negligible amounts of nitrate and sulfide below detection limits. A piper plot (Fig.

3) indicates that shallow groundwater of Nawalparasi is Ca-HCO3 dominant. Osimertinib research buy Anions are clearly dominated by HCO3−. Ca2+ dominated cations in the upper and lower region and a localized increase in Na+ was observed in the middle region. Bivariate plots of major ion ratios may help to identify the relative importance of processes such as silicate weathering, carbonate weathering and evaporite dissolution on the concentration of major cations and anions in groundwater (e.g. Mukherjee and Fryar, 2008). The Na normalized Ca versus HCO3− plot [after Gaillardet et al. (1999) and Mukherjee and Fryar (2008)] (Fig. 4a) suggests that the tubewell water samples range from being influenced by silicate weathering to carbonate dissolution. The ratio of Na normalized Mg:Ca [after Gaillardet et al. (1999) and Mukherjee and Fryar (2008)] (Fig. 4b) suggests that the source of Mg is mostly by carbonate dissolution and partly

by silicate weathering. A bivariate plot of Ca + Mg versus HCO3− [after Mukherjee and Fryar (2008)] (Fig. 4c) displays a broader scatter and suggests that the source of HCO3− is mostly carbonate dissolution or organic matter oxidation (Mukherjee and Fryar, 2008). Average (Ca + Mg)/HCO3− of tubewell water samples selleck chemicals llc MTMR9 of the upper region were found to be 0.48, middle region was 0.38 and the lower region was 0.50. The molar ratio of (Na + K) to Cl was greater than 1 for 59 tubewell water samples, which suggests silicate weathering is an important process

(Mukherjee and Fryar, 2008 and Stallard and Edmond, 1983), especially in the middle region. A bivariate plot of (Na + K)/Cl and Si suggests that these cations relative to Cl increase as Si becomes >250 μM (Fig. 4d), which is an indicator of significant silicate weathering (Mukherjee and Fryar, 2008). Si also generally increased along the flow-path of the aquifer (Fig. 5). Aqueous geochemistry is summarized in Table 1 and bivariate plots of AsTot and other species are shown in Fig. 6. The concentration of AsTot in the filtered water samples from tubewells in the upper region ranged from below detection limits (BDL) to 1.7 μM with an average of 0.5 μM. Eighteen groundwater samples exceeded the WHO limit in this region. The aqueous speciation of As is dominated by As(III). The concentration of Fe(aq) varied from BDL to as high as 121.6 μM with mean of 54.9 μM. Fe aqueous speciation is dominated by Fe2+ which varied from 0.0 to 121.6 μM with an average of 59.2 μM. Manganese concentrations are also high and varied from BDL to 45.5 μM with an average of 8.3 μM.

Another cellulose membrane containing the seventeen peptides were prepared, blocked and probed with LmmAbB2D4 (10 μg/ml). As shown in Fig. 2B, the peptides recognized by LmmAbB2D4 were peptide 4 (QCTMDQGRLRCR), CAL-101 purchase peptide 7 (TCATDQGRLRCT), peptide 8 (HCFHDQGRVRCA), peptide 14 (HCTMDQGRLRCR) and peptide 15 (SCMLDQGRSRCR). Analysis of these sequences revealed no obvious homology between the mimotopes and the mut-II sequence. Based on the results of immunoassay with cellulose-bound peptides, the peptides (QCTMDQGRLRCR, TCATDQGRLRCT, HCFHDQGRVRCA and HCTMDQGRLRCR) were synthesized in a soluble form, trapped

in liposomes and used as immunogens in rabbits. One week after the sixth injection, sera from rabbits were tested in an indirect ELISA for their reactivity toward the peptides, the L. muta whole venom and the cognate mut-II protein. The sera from rabbits immunized with peptides show marginal reactivity against the peptides coated to plates, likely due to low adsorption of peptides to the microtiter plates (data MI-773 mouse not shown). However, ELISA reactivity was observed when the

antigens were L. muta crude venom and mut-II ( Fig. 3A and B). The strongest reactivity toward Mut-II was obtained with the serum of rabbits immunized with peptides TCATDQGRLRCT and QCTMDQGRLRCR ( Fig. 3B). The serum of rabbits immunized with the peptides HCFHDQGRVRCA and HCTMDQGRLRCR reacted poorly with the Mut-II protein, even lower that the serum of mock-liposomes immunized rabbits. The neutralizing properties of the anti-peptide antibodies raised in rabbits were assessed in vivo by testing the hemorrhagic inducing activity

of L. muta venom in animals immunized with the four target peptides. The rabbits immunized with the peptide-mimotopes TCATDQGRLRCT and QCTMDQGRLRCR were completely protected ( Fig. 4A and B). The rabbits immunized with the HCFHDQGRVRCA and HCTMDQGRLRCR peptides were partially protected (about 62% and 37% protection, respectively). The animal from the group that received the empty liposome (without peptides) as negative control liposome was not protected. Snake venoms are a cocktail of biologically active molecules, including toxins with enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities that have evolved to assist in the capture and digestion Bacterial neuraminidase of prey, as well as defense against predators. Human systemic envenomation is associated with a number of adverse effects, the nature and severity of which depends on the species of snake, the quantity of venom injected and the time period between envenomation and the administration of appropriate medical treatment. These effects may include paralysis, myolysis, blood coagulation disturbances and renal damage [7] and [41]. Bushmaster snake envenomation is characterized by serious hemorrhage, blood coagulation disorders, and renal failure; hemorrhage is the major complication resulting from envenomation by the pit vipers Bothrops and Lachesis snakebites [22].

The following conclusions were drawn from the simulations: 1. We found that in RCA3 simulations driven by eight GCMs (with one exception) the mean seasonal cycles of atmospheric variables, like 2 m air temperature, SLP, 10 m wind speed, 2 m specific humidity, total cloudiness and precipitation over the Baltic Sea, their variability and mean north-south

gradients, are qualitatively well simulated. However, a detailed, quantitative assessment showed that the biases are considerable. In most simulations 2 m air temperatures are underestimated during summer and overestimated during winter. During all seasons the 10 m wind speed is underestimated partly because of the horizontal resolution of the atmospheric

model RCA3 of 50 km, beta-catenin inhibitor which is too coarse for the Baltic Sea region. Although the positive precipitation bias is significantly this website improved compared to earlier downscaling experiments when the latest versions of RCA3 and of the GCMs were used, the annual mean precipitation in most of the GCM driven simulations is still overestimated. Given the above-mentioned biases, and as RCA3 in dynamical downscaling experiments makes use of SST and sea ice data from the GCMs, which suffer from the coarse resolution, the results of the RCA3 scenario simulations should not be used as forcing for Baltic Sea models. In summary, it is important to develop fully coupled atmosphere-ice-ocean models with high quality in present climate simulations to avoid the impact of biases on model sensitivity in climate change simulations. We thank our colleagues at SMHI, Anders Ullerstig and Ulf Hansson, for their technical support in performing the RCA3 and RCAO simulations respectively. “
“The Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) on the Meteorological Operational (MetOp) satellite of the European Organization for

the Exploitation of Selleckchem Fludarabine Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) is a C band radar, whose primary objective is to determine the wind field at the ocean surface (Figa-Saldaña et al. 2002). Wind scatterometers are instruments that are used to infer data on wind speed and direction from radar measurements of the sea surface. They rely for their operation on the fact that winds blowing over the sea influence the radar backscattering properties of the surface in a manner that is related to wind speed and wind direction (Stoffelen 1998, Gelsthorpe et al. 2000, Portabella 2002, Chelton & Freilich 2005). The EUMETSAT ASCAT wind products provide the wind speed and direction measurements at 10 m above the sea surface. Data is provided either with a grid spacing of 12.5 km and a spatial resolution of 25 km or with a grid spacing of 25 km at a 50 km resolution across and along two 550-km wide swaths on either sides of the nadir track.

This report provides new knowledge of endocytosis and exocytosis, as well as of BoNT trafficking and action. In particular, the results showing the efficacy of DDV-Mas-7 in rescuing neurons from botulism is consistent with our previous reports on a PLA2- and RhoB-mediated mechanism of BoNT/A toxicity. In addition, these results

suggest an alternative approach towards botulism intervention Selleck PLX3397 other than the one commonly emphasized, i.e., protection of vesicle fusion proteins, e.g., SNAP-25 for BoNT/A. “
“The simple and cost-effective preparation of proteins is an essential prerequisite for initial studies to be made to clarify the molecular mechanisms of action for many toxins. In this context, cell-free protein synthesis has emerged as a powerful technology

platform to overcome the limitations of cellular systems for the synthesis and functional characterization of proteinogenic toxins (Orth et al., 2011). The characterization of bacterial pore-forming proteins in particular, is often hampered by their potent toxicity, which prevents their expression as a recombinant protein in living cells. Such pore-forming toxins are major virulence factors of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a halophilic bacterium inhabiting marine environments worldwide. Seafood contaminated with V. parahaemolyticus can cause diarrheal diseases in humans after ingestion of undercooked or raw seafood and has been recognized as a cause of diarrheal diseases worldwide, most common in Asia and the United States of America ( Anonymous, 2011). Most clinical strains of V. parahaemolyticus show β-hemolysis of human erythrocytes on a special blood agar (Wagatsuma agar) DNA Damage inhibitor designated as Kanagawa phenomenon (KP) ( Taniguchi et al., 1985). The KP is caused by a secreted hemolysin which has been termed thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) because of its physicochemical properties ( Fukui et al., 2005). Strains harboring tdh genes and/or genes encoding a TDH

related hemolysin (TRH) are designated to be pathogenic, Aldol condensation while V. parahaemolyticus lacking these genes are regarded as non-pathogenic ( Nishibuchi and Kaper, 1995 and Anonymous, 2011). Biochemical and biological studies have shown that TDH is the major virulence factor of V. parahaemolyticus with multiple biological activities including hemolysis, enterotoxicity, cardiotoxicity and cytotoxicity ( Nair et al., 2007). TDH is a tetrameric toxin composed of four identical protein subunits and forms pores in eukaryotic cell membranes (Hamada et al., 2007). Genetic analysis revealed that tdh genes show slight differences in various strains of V. parahaemolyticus ( Baba et al., 1992), however, the identity of the TDH protein subunits among all different strains is above 97%. All tdh genes encode a preprotein of 189 amino acids (aa), which is secreted through the bacterial cell wall by removing a signal peptide of 24 aa at the N-terminal end.

The reading of the MIC for anidulafungin was optimal under hypoxic conditions. Results presented by Furletti et al. 61 showed that C. albicans isolated from periodontal pockets were resistant to amphotericin B and sensitive to fluconazole. This result shows that there may be difficulty in the infusion of the drug in the periodontal space or resistant strains may be due to overexpression Selisistat ic50 of efflux genes. Jewtuchowicz et al.56 studied isolates of C. albicans and C. dubliniensis in patients with and without

periodontitis and consistently found that only one isolate was resistant to fluconazole and voriconazole. C. albicans appears to be contributing to bacterial biofilm formation on these structures and hindering the penetration

of certain antimicrobial drugs. 47 Still, for these studies, C. albicans was found typically in the outer layers of the biofilm, and seemed to act according as expected, as a barrier protecting the microorganisms of the deep interior from the action of immune mechanisms, aiding the resistance of the subgingival microbiota in the face of host defences, and contributing to the persistence of inflammation in adjacent tissues. Biofilms of C. albicans were highly resistant to the clinical action Sirolimus of antifungal and antimicrobial agents, including amphotericin B, chlorhexidine, nystatin and fluconazole. 72 In that work, it was demonstrated that as the C. albicans biofilms matured, there was concurrent acquisition and increased resistance of yeast cells in relation

to the antimicrobials. The prophylactic use of fluconazole in low doses has been Megestrol Acetate recommended for preventing fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. However, this has led to the selection of yeast microbes that are resistant to this antifungal agent, causing this resistance to appear in non-albicans species such as C. glabrata and C. krusei, in addition to having the sensitive C albicans be replaced by another of the same species that is fluconazole-resistant and to become resistant to fluconazole during treatment. 73 and 74 From a clinical standpoint, the most important feature of biofilm growth is the resistance to antimicrobial agents exhibited by organisms. 75 and 76 Studies have shown that biofilms formed by Candida species were more resistant to major antifungal agents used in the clinic, such as amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, and ketoconazole. 77 New azoles, like voriconazole and ravuconazol, were also ineffective against biofilms. 52, 78, 79, 80 and 81 The intrinsic resistance of Candida species biofilms to fluconazole, an agent commonly used for antifungal treatment due to greater resistance to amphotericin B, has been reported. 81 However, therapeutic levels of echinocandins may inhibit the metabolic activities in C.

We have analyzed the outcomes of our initial experience with POEM, including phased-in adoption by surgical trainees. Starting in October 2010, all patients with esophageal motility disorders who were candidates for a laparoscopic myotomy were offered POEM as part of a prospective, institutional review board–approved outcomes study. The current study examined the first 40 consecutive patients in our database, which covers the period in screening assay which one experienced senior surgeon performed all cases and then progressively transitioned

primary surgical responsibility to fellow-level trainees. Patient exclusion criteria included previous esophageal or mediastinal surgery, age <18 years, inability to tolerate general anesthesia, a body mass index (BMI) >40 kg/m2, or a need for an associated intra-abdominal procedure. Previous large-caliber achalasia dilations

(>30 mm) or botulin toxin injections were not considered as exclusion criteria. Preoperative assessment was the same as for any surgical achalasia patient and included a standardized validated symptom assessment, esophageal manometry, EGD, and a timed barium swallow. Data collected prospectively were as follows: basic demographic information, preoperative diagnosis, prior endoscopic interventions, American Association of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification System grade, BMI, primary surgeon (attending vs trainee), length of procedure (LOP), length of myotomy, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and length of stay. Time signature video recordings of the procedures were available for each case. Because the length of the Histone Methyltransferase inhibitor myotomy

varied depending on the underlying diagnosis, the corrected LOP per centimeter myotomy was calculated. This allowed for comparison controlling for variations in the length of myotomy required for each patient and diagnosis. The LOP per centimeter myotomy and the incidence of inadvertent mucosotomy was trended in our consecutive first 40 POEM procedures and used as a marker to determine the learning curve for the procedure. The 40 patients Dipeptidyl peptidase were divided into 5 groups of consecutive 8 patients, based on primary surgeon. These groups were determined in retrospect while we analyzed the cohort of the initial consecutive 40 patients. The senior surgeon is a GI surgeon with fellowship training in interventional endoscopy. He has had a 20-year clinical experience with laparoscopic Heller myotomy in addition to an extensive experience with advanced endoscopic procedures, in particular endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)/EMR. He and his team have been primary investigators in advancing NOTES techniques. As part of this procedure development experience, including investigating transesophageal NOTES mediastinal approaches and procedures, the senior investigator had performed >30 endoscopic myotomies in animal and cadaver models.

The Raja Ampat Marine Affairs

and Fisheries Agency established a grouper hatchery in mid-2011 focusing on highfin grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) to support community grow-out of hatchery grouper to reduce pressure on wild stocks which are largely depleted in the region. The larvae are currently being sourced from outside the region during the trial phase, but it is hoped that once a local brood stock has been established fingerlings MLN0128 can be sourced from Raja Ampat to minimize genetic mixing of stocks and introduction of pathogens. Seaweed has also been established in Raja Ampat and Kaimana Regencies and Cendrawasih Bay, with several villages now actively cultivating Eucheumoid algae for sale to the carrageenan industry. More recently, villages in Mayalibit Bay in Raja Ampat are trialing mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) grow-out, whereby juvenile crabs are collected this website and placed in pens constructed in healthy mangrove forest environments for grow-out. With the exception of pearl farms, other mariculture and aquaculture efforts are still in their infancy in the region. The BHS is not only rich in renewable natural resources but also in crude oil, gas and minerals such as gold, copper and nickel. The region’s main mining products are oil and gas located in the regencies of South Sorong,

Bintuni Bay, and Fakfak and Kaimana. The most controversial mine in Eastern Indonesia is Indonesia’s (and the world’s) largest open-cut gold and copper

Grasberg mine, owned by Freeport Indonesia, that provides nearly 50% of Papua province’s GDP and is the largest tax payer to the Indonesian government (Resosudarmo and Jotzo, 2009). The company is responsible for the discharge of 125,000 tonnes/day of mine tailings into the Ajkwa River (Brunskill et al., 2004), and associated environmental damage. Although mineral mines in West Papua are comparatively smaller, companies frequently operate without proper control of excavation run-off (Fig. PLEKHM2 10a), and with little to no social responsibility. The Indonesian government is committed to increasing its overall hydrocarbon production to meet its target of 960,000 barrels/day. Government policies are being revised to encourage the rapid expansion of oil and gas exploration and production throughout the Indonesian archipelago, including the Makassar Strait, North Ceram Sea, Halmahera and Papua (especially Cendrawasih Bay, Raja Ampat and Kaimana in the BHS). Contracts can be issued to local or foreign companies to operate in ‘Mining Areas’ that have been designated by the national government. Currently, the largest gas project ‘Tangguh Liquefied Natural Gas’ is positioned to extract natural gas from fields in the Bintuni Bay area for export to countries outside of Indonesia. With reserves of 14.4 trillion cubic feet, this gas field is predicted to generate USD $3.6 billion for the government of West Papua and USD $8.

Cellular dynamics of bone In: Bourne GH, editor. The Biochemistry and Physiology of Bone. New York: Academic Press; 1971. p. 271–297. [29] Owen M, Triffitt, J.T Plasma glycoproteins and bone. In: Calcium, Parathyroid Hormone and the Calcitonins: Excerpta Medica International Congress Series, 243; 1971. p. 316–326. Volasertib purchase [30] Owen MT, J.T.,Melick, R.A. Albumin in bone. In:

Hard Tissue Growth Repair and Remineralization: Ciba Foundation Symposium 11 New Series 1973. p. 263–293. [31] Triffitt JT, Owen, M. Incorporation of [1- 14C]glucosamine and plasma [14C]glycoprotein into rabbit cortical bone. Biochem. J. l1973;136 125–134. [32] Owen M, Triffitt, J.T Plasma proteins and bone formation. Israel J. Med. Sci. l1974;10: 3. [33] Owen M, Triffitt, J.T. Extravascular albumin in bone tissue. J. Physiol. l1976;257: 293–307. [34] Owen M, Triffitt, J.T. Macromolecules in bone tissue fluid and mineralization. Israeli J. Med. Sci l1976; 12: 6. [35] Owen M. Studies on cell population kinetics in bone. In: Zaworski ZFG, editor. Bone Morphometry: University of Ottawa Press; 1976,

p. 303–309. [36] Triffitt JT, Gebauer, U., Owen, M Synthesis by the liver of a glycoprotein which is concentrated in bone. Calcif. Tiss. Res l1976;21S: 437–441. [37] Triffitt JT, Gebauer, U., Ashton, B.A., Owen, M. Origin of plasma alpha2HS-glycoprotein and its accumulation in bone. Nature l1976;262: 226–227. [38] Owen M, Howlett, C.R., Triffitt, J.T. Movement of 1251 albumin Crenolanib and 125I polyvinylpyrrolidone through bone tissue fluid. Calcif. Tiss. Res. l1977; 23: 103–112. [39] Triffitt JT, Owen, M. Preliminary studies on the binding of plasma albumin in bone tissue. Calcif. Tiss. Res. l1977;23: 303–305. [40] Owen M. Histogenesis of Teicoplanin bone cells. Calcif. Tissue Int l1978;25: 205–207. [41] Triffitt

JT, Owen, M. Ashton, B.A.,Wilson, J.M. Plasma disappearance of rabbit apha2HS-glycoprotein and its uptake by bone tissue. Calcif. Tiss. Res l1978;26: 155–161. [42] Ashton BA, Allen, T.D., Howlett, C.R., Eaglesom, C.C., Hattori, A., Owen, M. Formation of bone and cartilage by marrow stromal cells in diffusion chambers in vivo. Clin. Orthop. l1980: 294–307. [43] Eaglesom CC, Ashton, B.A., Allen, T.D.., Owen, M. (). . , , . The osteogenic capacity of bone marrow cells. Cell Biology Int. Reports l1980;4: 742. [44] Owen M. The origin of bone cells in the postnatal organism. Arthritis and Rheumatism l1980;23: 1073–86. [45] Ashton BA, Owen, M. Eaglesom, C.C., Parsons, J.A. Inhibitory action of PTH on the differentiation of osteogenic precursor cells. In: Copp DH, Munson, P., Talmage, R.V, editor. Proceedings VIIth Conference on Calcium Regulating Hormones. Estes Park, Colorado: Excerpta Medica; 1981. p. 402. [46] Owen M. Bone cells: A review. In: Volf V, editor. Bone and Bone Seeking Radionuclides: Physiology, Dosimetry and Effects: EUR 7168 EN; 1981. [47] Owen M. Bone growth at the cellular level: A perspective. In: Dixon AD, Sarnat, B.G, editor. Factors and Mechanisms influencing Bone Growth.