World Journal of Emergency Surgery 2008, 3:14.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef 3. Marcus MS, Tan V: Cerebrovascular accident in a 19-year-old patient: a case report of posterior sternoclavicular dislocation. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2011,20(7):e1-e4.PubMedCrossRef 4. Pozzati E, Giuliani G, Poppi M, Faenza A: Blunt check details Traumatic carotid dissection with delayed symptoms. Stroke 1989, 20:412–416.PubMedCrossRef 5. Mokri B, Piepgras D, Houser W: Traumatic dissections of the extracranial internal carotid artery. J Neurosurg 1988, 68:189–197.PubMedCrossRef 6. Brosch PRN1371 cell line JR, Golomb MR: American childhood football as a possible risk factor for cerebral infarction.

J Child Neurol 2011,26(12):1493–1498.PubMedCrossRef 7. Patel H, Smith R, Garg B: Spontaneous extracranial https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk126.html carotid artery dissection in children. Pediatr Neurol 1995, 13:55–60.PubMedCrossRef 8. Dharmasaroja P, Dharmasaroja P: Sports-related internal carotid artery dissection: pathogenesis and therapeutic point of view. Neurologist 2008,14(5):307–311.PubMedCrossRef 9. Fabian TC: Blunt Cerebrovascular Injuries: Anatomic and Pathological Heterogeneity Create Management Enigmas. J Am Coll Surg 2013,216(5):873–885.PubMedCrossRef 10. Montisci R, Sanfilippo R, Bura R, Branca C, Piga M, Saba L: Status of the circle of Willis and intolerance

to carotid cross-clamping during carotid endarterectomy. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2013,45(2):107–112.PubMedCrossRef 11. Chalmers DJ, Samaranayaka A, Gulliver P, McNoe B: Risk factors for injury in rugby union football in New Zealand: a cohort study. Br J Sports Medicine 2012, 46:95–102.CrossRef 12. Brooks JH, Kemp SP: Recent trends in rugby union injuries. Clin Sports Medicine 2008, 27:51–73.CrossRef

13. Boden BP, Breit I, Beachler JA, Williams A, Mueller FO: Fatalities in high school and college football players. Am J Sports Med 2013, 41:1108.PubMedCrossRef 14. Marshall SW, Waller AE, Dick RW, Pugh CB, Loomis DP, Chalmers DJ: An ecological study of protective equipment and injury in two contact sports. Int J Epidemiol 2002, 31:587–592.PubMedCrossRef MTMR9 15. Concannon LG, Harrast MA, Herring SA: Radiating upper limb pain in the contact sport athlete: an update on transient quadriparesis and stingers. Curr Sports Med Rep 2012,11(1):28–34.PubMedCrossRef 16. Fabian TC, Patton JH, Croce MA, Minard G, Kudsk KA, Pritchard FE: Blunt carotid injury. Importance of early diagnosis and anticoagulant therapy. Ann Surg 1996, 223:513–525.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef 17. Wessem V, Meijer JM, Leenen LP, van der Worp HB, Moll FL, de Borst GJ: Blunt traumatic carotid artery dissection still a pitall? The rationale for aggressive screening. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2011, 37:147–154.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef 18. Stein DM, Boswell S, Sliker CW, Lui FY, Scalea TM: Blunt cerebrovascular injuries: does treatment always matter? J Trauma 2009,66(1):132–144.PubMedCrossRef 19.

5 at.% In and 13.5 at.% Sb [25]. The present result provides InSb nanocrystals of nearly twice this size. In addition, no inclusion of In2O3 is seen in the InSb-added Al-oxide thin films, while this does appear in the present study (Figures 2 and 3). These

different results are probably due to the difference in the free energy of reaction between the two oxides, TiO2 and Al2O3[16]. Specifically, Al2O3 with its smaller free energy of reaction is thermodynamically more stable than TiO2. InSb-added Al-oxide thin films also exhibit a narrower size distribution in the InSb nanocrystals compared with that of the SiO2 matrix [26], whose free energy of reaction is close to that of the TiO2. The thermodynamic stability of the matrix may affect the aggregation of the InSb nanocrystals during Selleckchem NSC 683864 postannealing, although the size distribution of the InSb nanocrystals GSK458 cell line dispersed in the multiphase this website matrix, TiO2 and In2O3, is not estimated here, due to a difficulty of finding InSb nanocrystals in the HRTEM image containing three kinds of crystals, InSb, TiO2, and In2O3. The present results indicate that InSb-added TiO2 nanocomposite films provide a composite with InSb nanocrystals embedded in a multioxide matrix composing TiO2 and In2O3 and exhibiting vis-NIR absorption due to quantum size effects of the InSb nanocrystals. One-step synthesis

of a composite thin film therefore has potential for low-cost production of next-generation solar cells. Conclusions InSb-added TiO2 nanocomposite films have been proposed as candidate materials for quantum dot solar cells. It should be pointed out that composite thin films with InSb nanocrystals dispersed in a multiphase composing TiO2 and In2O3 appear in a restricted composition range from 12 to 18 at.% (In + Sb), because of compositional variation. The optical absorption edge shifts toward the vis-NIR

range, favorably absorbing a desirable energy region for high conversion efficiency. A HRTEM image indicates that the composite thin film contains spherical InSb nanocrystals with a size of approximately 15 nm. This size is sufficiently small to exhibit quantum size effects. InSb-added TiO2 nanocomposite films also produce In2O3, due to decomposition of the added InSb during Thiamine-diphosphate kinase postannealing. The electrical properties are not studied at all in the present study. However, the photocurrent of the composite may be enhanced by including In2O3, since the carrier mobility of the phase mixture of TiO2 and In2O3 is higher than that of the pure TiO2. Therefore, a multioxide matrix of TiO2 and In2O3 with InSb nanocrystals should be useful for next-generation solar cells. Author information SA is a group leader of the Research Institute for Electromagnetic Materials. Acknowledgments The present work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (No. 24360295).

For this analysis, we used as input a set of OGs generated by

the DomClust program [24] (see selleck inhibitor “”Phylogenetic profile analysis”" section below for details about identification of OGs by DomClust). Absence of a gene in some genomes (at least half of the genomes) in each OGs among the core is allowed. In addition, as identified OGs are at the domain level, if a counterpart of a gene in one genome is split in another genome, different number of genes can participate in the OGs in different genomes. Thus, the number of core genes in each genome can vary. Still, the numbers of core genes varied less (1364-1424; SD = 13.5) than the total number of genes among the strains (1465-1593; SD = 33.9) (Table 1). Among those core OGs, 1079 OGs were universally conserved (conserved in the all genomes),

non-domain-separated, with one-to-one correspondence, and designated “”well-defined core OGs”". Those 1079 OGs were used for phylogenetic analysis (Figure 1). Nucleotide sequences of genes in well-defined core OGs were aligned by the Mafft program [128], click here from which conserved blocks were extracted by the Gblocks program [129]. Phylogenetic profile analysis Phylogenetic profiling was carried out using the set of OGs generated by DomClust [24]. We identified OGs with East Asian-specific features as those whose phylogenetic profiles were highly correlated to the template pattern (taking 1 for find more hspEAsia and 0 for hpEurope). The DomClust clustering program can identify OGs at the domain level, and was used to identify genes truncated in particular strains. Clustering was performed based on PAM (point accepted mutation) distance rather than score to ensure proper evaluation of evolutionary distances, even if one gene was truncated; in the latter case, scores may underestimate evolutionary relatedness. To clarify differences 3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase in gene-splitting patterns among strains, we did not use DomClust options to suppress domain splitting. To identify genes with characteristic

patterns of hspEAsia strains, we constructed a phylogenetic profile for each OG as a vector of examined property values (e.g., number of domains or number of duplications). For surveying patterns of gene splitting and deletion, a phylogenetic profile was constructed for each OG using the number of domains for each gene that resulted from the clustering. For surveying patterns of gene duplication, a phylogenetic profile was constructed using the number of duplicated genes (in-paralogs). To find OGs with a characteristic hspEAsia pattern, equality of the medians among different populations was tested by Kruskal-Wallis test. Tests between East Asian and European strains used the six hspEAsia strains and the seven hpEurope strains.

: Toll-like receptor 4-dependent activation of dendritic cells by beta-defensin 2. Science 2002,298(5595):1025–1029.PubMedCrossRef IWR-1 26. Birchler T, Seibl R, Buchner K, Loeliger S, Seger R, Hossle JP, Aguzzi A, Lauener RP: Human Toll-like receptor 2 mediates induction of the antimicrobial peptide human beta-defensin 2 in response to bacterial lipoprotein. Eur J Immunol 2001,31(11):3131–3137.PubMedCrossRef 27. Jenssen H, Hancock RE: Therapeutic potential

of HDPs as immunomodulatory agents. Methods Mol Biol 2010, 618:329–347.PubMedCrossRef 28. Fisher JW: Erythropoietin: physiology and pharmacology update. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2003,228(1):1–14. 29. Tavares PM, Thevissen K, Cammue BP, Francois IE, Barreto-Bergter E, Taborda CP, Marques AF, Rodrigues ML, Nimrichter L: In vitro activity of the antifungal plant defensin RsAFP2 against Candida isolates and its in vivo efficacy in prophylactic murine models of candidiasis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008,52(12):4522–4525.PubMedCrossRef 30. Cho Y, Turner JS, Dinh NN, Lehrer RI: Activity of protegrins against yeast-phase Candida albicans . Infect Immun 1998,66(6):2486–2493.PubMed 31. Johnson MD, MacDougall C, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Perfect JR, Rex JH: Combination antifungal therapy. Antimicrob

Agents Chemother 2004,48(3):693–715.PubMedCrossRef 32. Matsumoto M, Ishida K, Konagai A, Maebashi K, Asaoka T: Strong antifungal activity of SS750, a new triazole derivative, is based on its selective

binding affinity to cytochrome P450 of fungi. Antimicrob Screening Library Agents Chemother 2002,46(2):308–314.PubMedCrossRef 33. Andes D, BGB324 in vitro Diekema DJ, Pfaller MA, Prince RA, Marchillo K, Ashbeck J, Hou J: In vivo pharmacodynamic characterization of anidulafungin in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008,52(2):539–550.PubMedCrossRef 34. Hamad M, Abu-Elteen KH, Ghaleb M: Estrogen-dependent induction of persistent vaginal candidosis in naive mice. Mycoses 2004,47(7):304–309.PubMedCrossRef 35. Faintuch BL, Teodoro R, Duatti A, Muramoto E, Faintuch S, Smith CJ: Radiolabeled bombesin analogs for prostate cancer diagnosis: preclinical Rho studies. Nucl Med Biol 2008,35(4):401–411.PubMedCrossRef Authors’ contributions DR carry out in vitro, in vivo studies and measurement of cytokines, participated in biodistribution experiments, blood analysis, experimental design and helped to write the manuscript. JEM participated in the in vivo, in vitro studies and measurement of cytokines. RB participated in in vivo and in vitro studies. AM synthetised the HYNIC-gomesin. BF was responsible for the biodistribution experiments. PB carries out the blood analysis. DDC was in charge of the statistical analysis. CPT and SD conceived of the study and manuscript preparation. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

5 ± 0.2 ps for Rb. sphaeroides and 2.0 ± 0.1 ps for Rps. acidophila at liquid-helium temperature (De Caro et al. 1994). When exciting towards the blue within the B800 band (λexc < 798 nm), the fluorescence signals become broad and shift towards the red, while Γhom increases from 60–80 to ~250 GHz (between 798 nm and, at least, 788 nm). In this spectral region, inter-band B800 → B850 competes with intra-band B800 → B800 transfer, and intra-band energy-transfer times become τB800→B800 ≈ 900 fs between λexc ~ 780 and 798 nm.

At λexc < 780 nm, non-selective excitation in vibronic transitions of the B800 band takes place. The resulting fluorescence is broad with a peak at about 805 nm, independent of λexc. In this region, B800 → B800 ‘downhill’ transfer and vibrational relaxation are the dominant processes. LCZ696 nmr We conclude from these examples that FLN in combination with HB are powerful techniques for unravelling energy-transfer rates in photosynthetic GDC-0941 mw complexes at low temperature. (For discussions on energy transfer in bacterial LH complexes, see also Cheng and Silbey (2006), Novoderezhkin et al. (2003), Scholes and Fleming (2000), Sundström et al. (1999), Van Amerongen et al. (2000), Wu et al. (1996) and Zazubovich et al. (2002a).) Optical dephasing in the B850 band of purple bacteria The strong interactions between nearest-neighbour BChl molecules in the B850 band of LH2, with distances of less than 1 nm, lead to delocalization

of the excitation

to an extent Branched chain aminotransferase that is CHIR-99021 mw limited by static and dynamic disorder (Cogdell et al. 2006; Hu et al. 2002; Krueger et al. 1998; Scholes et al. 1999; Sundström et al. 1999). We will come back to this subject later. Here, we discuss the role of the protein structure in controlling the excited-state dynamics of the BChl a pigments in the B850 band. As shown above, the dynamics of a pigment within a protein is reflected by the homogeneous linewidth Γhom. In the case of B800, we saw that \( T_2^* \gg T_1 \) with Γhom determined by inter-band (B800 → B850) and intra-band (B800 → B800) energy-transfer processes. Here, we will show that in the red wing of the B850 band, Γhom is dominated by optical dephasing \( \left( T_2^* \right) \) processes characterized by a value of Γhom that is temperature dependent. Experiments were performed in our laboratory on Rb. sphaeroides (G1C, mutant): holes were burnt at a given temperature and Γhole measured as a function of burning-fluence density Pt/A. The hole widths are plotted versus Pt/A in Fig. 6a (J. Gallus and L. van den Aarssen, unpublished results). The value of Γhom is obtained from such a plot by extrapolating ½Γhole to Pt/A → 0. Similar measurements were done for temperatures between 1.2 and 4.2 K. Fig. 6 Top: a Hole width, ½ Γhole, as a function of burning-fluence density, Pt/A, of a hole burnt in the red wing of the B850 band of the LH2 complex of Rb. sphaeroides (G1C, mutant) at 1.8 K.

Although there is some evidence that glutamine supplementation with protein can improve training adaptations, more research is needed to determine the ergogenic value in athletes. There is currently no research to suggest that glutamine has a direct effect on performance. Ribose Ribose is a 3-carbon carbohydrate that is involved in the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the muscle (the useable form of energy). Clinical studies have shown that ribose supplementation can increase exercise capacity in heart patients [455–459]. For this reason, ribose has been suggested to be an ergogenic aid for athletes. Although more research is needed, most studies show no ergogenic value

Epacadostat order of ribose supplementation on exercise capacity in health untrained or trained populations [460–462]. A 2006 study [463] Selleckchem Citarinostat investigated the effects of ribose vs. dextrose on rowing performance. After

eight weeks of supplementation dextrose had a better response than ribose across the subjects [463]. Kreider and associates [462] and Kersick and colleagues [464] investigated ribose supplementation on measures of anaerobic capacity in trained athletes. This research group found that ribose supplementation did not have a positive impact on performance [462, 464]. It appears at this point that ribose supplementation does not improve aerobic or anaerobic performance. Inosine Inosine is a building block for DNA and RNA that is found in muscle. Inosine has a number Selleckchem Emricasan of potentially important roles that may enhance training and/or exercise performance [465]. Although there is some theoretical PRKD3 rationale, available studies indicate that inosine supplementation has no apparent affect on exercise performance capacity [466–468]. Supplements to Promote General Health In addition to the supplements previously described, several nutrients have been suggested to help athletes

stay healthy during intense training. For example, the American Medical Association recently recommended that all Americans ingest a daily low-dose multivitamin in order to ensure that people get a sufficient amount of vitamins and minerals in their diet. Although one-a-day vitamin supplementation has not been found to improve exercise capacity in athletes, it may make sense to take a daily vitamin supplement for health reasons. Glucosomine and chondroitin have been reported to slow cartilage degeneration and reduce the degree of joint pain in active individuals which may help athletes postpone and/or prevent joint problems [469, 470]. Supplemental Vitamin C, glutamine, echinacea, and zinc have been reported to enhance immune function [471–474]. Consequently, some sports nutritionists recommend that athletes who feel a cold coming on take these nutrients in order to enhance immune function [55, 471–473].

DXA scans at 0, 1, and 2 years were performed in respectively 73, 63, and 61 % of the patients. The prednisone and placebo strategy group in the current analyses did not differ significantly from the original study groups for any of the baseline variables. The two groups included in the current analyses only differed from each other at baseline in the number of patients with Fedratinib cell line rheumatoid factor and the mean DAS28.

Table 1 Characteristics of the patient groups in the CAMERA-II study and of the subgroups included in the BMD analyses   CAMERA-II study BMD analyses   MTX + prednisone, n = 117 MTX + placebo, n = 119 p-value MTX + prednisone, n = 85 MTX + placebo, n = 94 p-value Baseline characteristics Female gender (n (%)) 70 (60) 72 (61) 0.849 50 (59) 61 (65) 0.403 Age (years, mean ± SD) 54 ± 14 53 ± 13 0.493 55 ± 13 52 ± 13 selleckchem 0.177 RF positive (n (%)) 64 (55) 73 (61) 0.101 41 (58) 59 (75) 0.028 DAS28 (mean ± SD) 5.8 ± 1.3 RSL3 chemical structure 5.5 ± 1.1 0.045 5.7 ± 1.2 5.3 ± 1.1 0.025 Radiographic damage

present (n (%)) 34 (29) 24 (20) 0.127 26 (31) 19 (22) 0.149 Erosion score (SHS, median, IQR) 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) 0.337 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) 0.223 sBMD lumbar spine (g/cm2, mean±SD)       1.13 ± 0.17 1.11 ± 0.17 0.544 sBMD left hip (g/cm2, mean±SD)       0.94 ± 0.13 0.91 ± 0.16 0.252  Normal BMD (n (%))       52 (61) 55 (58) 0.180  Osteopenia (n (%))       30 (35) 29 (31)    Osteoporosis (n (%))       3 (4) 10 (11)   Study measurements             Mean DAS28 during trial (mean ± SD) 2.6 ± 1.0 3.2 ± 1.1 <0.001 2.7 ± 1.0 3.2 ± 1.1 0.001 Radiographic damage present at end (n (%)) 35 (30) 44 (41) 0.310 27 (35) 35 (41) 0.499 Erosion score at end

(SHS, median, IQR) 0 (0–0) 0 (0–2) 0.024 0 (0–0) 0 (0–2) 0.133 Hospitalization for symptomatic vertebral fracture during trial (n (%)) 1 (1) 0 (0) 0.312 1 (1) 0 (0) 0.292 Peripheral fracture during trial (n (%)) 1 (1) 0 (0) 0.312 1 (1) 0 (0) 0.292 Data concerning the patient groups of the original CAMERA-II study have been published elsewhere [13] BMD bone mineral density, MTX methotrexate, RF rheumatoid factor, VAS visual analog scale, TJC tender joint count based on 36 joints, mafosfamide SJC swollen joint count based on 36 joints, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP c-reactive protein, DAS28 disease activity score based on 28 joints, n number, SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range, SHS Sharp-Van der Heijde score, sBMD standardized bone mineral density BMD measurements The mean sBMD levels for each treatment group at specific time points are shown in Fig. 2. The sBMD increased significantly over the first year of treatment in both treatment groups in the lumbar spine (paired samples t-test with sBMD at 0 and 1 year, p < 0.001 for the prednisone group and the placebo group), with a mean increase in sBMD of 2.7 % in the prednisone group and 2.4 % in the placebo group.

To achieve this, wild-type MR-1 and Δso2426 mutant strains were allowed to grow in LB medium supplemented VS-4718 order with 80 μM of the Fe chelator 2,2′-dipyridyl to simulate iron-limiting conditions. Other studies demonstrated that a 2,2′-dipyridyl

concentration of ≤ 100 μM had a negligible effect, if any, on the growth rate of S. oneidensis MR-1 and certain mutant strains under aerobic conditions [14, 43]. Similarly, we observed that MR-1 and the Δso2426 mutant could grow aerobically at relatively Autophagy inhibitor normal rates in LB supplemented with 80 μM of 2,2′-dipyridyl (Figure 7A), indicating that environmental Fe was not scavenged below a critical Fe threshold necessary for growth. As shown in Figure 7B, the Δso2426 mutant was unable to produce CAS-reactive OICR-9429 chemical structure siderophores at wild-type rates under aerobic growth conditions in the absence of 2,2′-dipyridyl.

This deficiency was enhanced in the presence of iron chelator (Figure 7B). Relative siderophore production by wild-type MR-1 increased sharply, attaining a maximum level at the 6-h time point following exposure to 2,2′-dipyridyl (Figure 7C). At this time interval, we detected an 11-fold increase in the synthesis of CAS-reactive siderophores for MR-1 under iron depletion compared to MR-1 under iron-sufficient conditions (LB only). In the same 6-h time period, there was only a marginal elevation in siderophore production by the Δso2426 mutant, which exhibited substantially reduced levels of siderophore production compared to MR-1 under iron depletion conditions (Figure 7C). Figure 7 Growth capacity and siderophore production by wild-type MR-1 and Δ so2426 strains in the presence of 2,2′-dipyridyl. (A) Aerobic growth of wild-type MR-1 (closed triangles) and the Δso2426 mutant (open circles) Oxymatrine in LB supplemented with 80 μM of the Fe chelator 2,2′-dipyridyl. Cell growth was assessed for triplicate cultures and plotted as the mean OD600 ± SEM. (B) Absorbance

at 630 nm of CAS-treated samples in the absence (open symbols) and presence (closed symbols) of 2,2′-dipyridyl. Results are shown for wild-type MR-1 (squares), the Δso2426 mutant (circles), and LB only (triangles). (C) Relative production of CAS-reactive siderophores by wild-type MR-1 (closed symbols) and the Δso2426 mutant (open symbols) under aerobic growth conditions. 2,2′-dipyridyl (80 μM) was added to mid-log-phase (OD600, 0.6) MR-1 and Δso2426 mutant cultures cultivated in LB broth, and relative siderophore synthesis was monitored over time using the CAS-based siderophore detection assay. The relative siderophore production was calculated by subtracting the supernatant A630 (absorbance at 630 nm) for the wild type or mutant from the control (uninoculated LB medium) and then determining the ratio of corrected supernatant A630 to control A630. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean for three replicate CAS measurements. Circles represent unamended LB cultures; squares represent iron-depleted cultures.

The PCR reaction solution (25 μl) consisted of: 0.2 μg of genomic DNA, 0.4 μM of each primer, 1 mM dNTPs, 2 mM MgCl2, 20 mM Tris–HCl, pH 8.8, 50 mM KCl, 10 mM (NH4)2SO4, 0.1% Triton X-100 and 2U Pwo DNA polymerase (Blirt SA DNA-Gdańsk, Poland). 35 cycles were performed, using the Veriti® 96 Well Thermal Cycler (Applied Biosystems, USA), with a temperature profile of 1 min ATM Kinase Inhibitor price at 94°C, 1 min at 60°C and 1 min at 72°C. The amplification products were EPZ-6438 chemical structure analyzed by electrophoresis on 1% agarose

gel stained with ethidium bromide, at a final concentration of 0.5 μg/ml. Specific PCR products were obtained and purified using the ExtractMe Gel-Out Kit (Blirt SA DNA-Gdańsk, Poland). The PCR products were digested with NcoI and BglII or HindIII (NEB, USA), then purified, using the ExtractMe Clean-Up Kit (Blirt SA DNA-Gdańsk, Poland) and ligated into pBAD/myc-HisA plasmid (Invitrogen, USA) selleck chemicals between the NcoI and BglII or NcoI and HindIII sites. The E. coli TOP10 cells were transformed with the ligation mixtures and transformants were examined for the presence of the ssb-like genes, using a gel retardation assay and restriction analysis. One clone was selected and sequenced to confirm the presence of the ssb-like genes. The appropriate pBADDpsSSB, pBADFpsSSB, pBADParSSB, pBADPcrSSB, pBADPinSSB, pBADPprSSB, and pBADPtoSSB recombinant plasmids were

obtained. Table 4 The specific primers for PCR amplification Name Primer sequence fpsssbNcoI 5′ GGA GGA C CA TGG GGA ACG GAA CGT TAA ATA AAG TCA TG 3′ fpsssbHindIII

5′ TTA AAG CTT TTA AAA AGG CAA ATC ATT TTC TAC AG 3′ pcrssbNcoI 5′ TTA CC A TGG GGC GCG GTG TTA ATA AAG TTA TCA TC 3′ pcrssbHindIII 5′ TTA AAG CTT TCA GAA CGG AAT GTC ATC GTC 3′ ptossbNcoI 5′ GGA GGA CC A TGG CAG GAA CAC TCA ATA AAG TTA TGC 3′ ptossbHindIII 5′ TTA AAG CTT TTA AAA GGG TAG ATC ATC TTC CTC 3′ pprssbNcoI 5′ GGA GGA CC A TGG CCA GTC GTG GTG TAA ATA AGG 3′ pprssbBglII 5′ TTA AGA TCT CTA GAA TGG GAT ATC ATC ATC AAA ATC 3′ dpsssbNcoI 5′ TTA CC A TGG GGA TAA ATA AGG CAA TTT TAA TTG GTA ATC TAG 3′ dpsssbHindIII 5′ TTA AAG CTT CTA GAA GGG TAC GTC GTT AC 3′ parssbNcoI 5′ GGA GGA CC A TGG GGC GCG GTG TTA ATA AAG TTA TCA TC 3′ parssbBglII 5′ TTA AGA TCT CTA GAA AGG AAT GTC ATC GTC 3′ pinssbNcoI 5′ TTA Clomifene CC A TGG GGT TTA ACC GAA GCG TAA ACA AAG TAG 3′ pinssbHindIII 5′ TTA AAG CTT CTA AAA AGG AAT ATC ATC ATC GAA ATC 3′ The boldface parts of the primers sequences are complementary to the nucleotide sequences of the ssb-like genes and the underlined parts are the recognition sites for restriction endonucleases. Expression and purification of SSBs The E. coli TOP10 strain transformed with pBADDpsSSB, pBADFpsSSB, pBADParSSB, pBADPcrSSB, pBADPinSSB, pBADPprSSB or pBADPtoSSB was grown at 30°C in Luria-Bertani medium, supplemented with 100 μg/ml of ampicillin, to an OD600 of 0.4, and was induced by incubation in the presence of arabinose, at a final concentration of 0.02%, for 20 h.

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