Res Microbiol 2011, 162:1060–1066.PubMedCrossRef 16. Maheux AF, Bissonnette L,

Boissinot M, Bernier JL, Huppé V, Bérubé E, Boudreau DK, Picard FJ, Huletsky A, Bergeron MG: Method for rapid and sensitive detection of C188-9 research buy Enterococcus sp. and Enterococcus faecalis/faeciumcells in potable water samples. Water Res 2011, FDA approval PARP inhibitor 45:2342–2354.PubMedCrossRef 17. Bo SN, Bo J, Ning YZ, Zhao Y, Lu XL, Yang JY, Zhu X, Yao GQ: Relationship between time to positivity of blood culture with clinical characteristics and hospital mortality in patients with Escherichia coli bacteremia. Chin Med J (Engl) 2011, 3:330–334. 18. Gutzmer R, Mommert S, Küttler U, Werfel T, Kapp A: Rapid identification and differentiation of fungal DNA in dermatological specimens by LightCylerPCR. J Med Microbiol 2004, 53:1207–1214.PubMedCrossRef 19. Somogyvari F, Doczi I, Serly J, Suhail A, Nagy E: Rapid discrimination between Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis by using real-time PCR. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2007, 58:367–369.PubMedCrossRef 20. Somogyvari F, Horvath A, Serly J, Majoros H, Vagvolgyi C, Peto Z: Detection of Invasive Fungal Pathogens by Real-time PCR and High-resolution Melting Analysis. In Vivo 2012, 26:979–983.PubMed 21. Ferrer C, Colom F, Frasés S, Mulet E, Abad JL, Alió JL: Detection and identification of fungal pathogens by PCR and by ITS2 and 5.8S ribosomal Q-VD-Oph order DNA typing in ocular infections.

J Clin Microbiol 2001, 39:2873–2879.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef 22. Turenne C, Sanche SE, Hoban DJ, Karlowsky JA, Kabani AM: Rapid identification of fungi by using the ITS2 genetic region and an automated fluorescent capillary electrophoresis system. J Clin Microbiol 1999, 37:1846–1851.PubMedCentralPubMed

23. Khan Z, Mustafa AS, Alam FF: Real-time LightCycler polymerase chain reaction and melting temperature analysis for identification of clinically important Candida spp. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2009, 42:190–195. 24. Lehmann LE, Alvarez J, Hunfeld KP, Goglio A, Kost GJ, Louie RF, Raglio A, Regueiro BJ, Wissing H, Stüber F: Potential clinical utility of polymerase chain reaction in microbiological testing Dehydratase for sepsis. Crit Care Med 2009, 37:3085–3090.PubMedCrossRef 25. Bouza E, Sousa D, Rodríguez-Créixems M, Lechuz JG, Muñoz P: Is the volume of blood cultured still a significant factor in the diagnosis of bloodstream infections? J Clin Microbiol 2007, 45:2765–2769.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef 26. Waldeisen JR, Wang T, Mitra D, Lee LP: A real-time PCR antibiogram for drug-resistant sepsis. PLoS One 2011, 6:e28528.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef 27. von Lilienfeld-Toal M, Lehmann LE, Raadts AD, Hahn-Ast C, Orlopp KS: Utility of a commercially available multiplex real-time PCR assay to detect bacterial and fungal pathogens in febrile neutropenia. J Clin Microbiol 2009, 47:2405–2410.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef 28.

Planistromella A.W. Ramaley, Planistroma A.W. Ramaley, Mycosphaerellopsis Höhn.,

and Comminutispora A.W. HDAC cancer Ramaley with their asexual states appear to belong in Botryosphaeriaceae J. Monkai et al. pers. comm.). Otthia (Cooke 1871, 1890; Massee 1887; Stevens 1936; Bisby and Mason 1940) which was introduced from Ulmus sp., with six species, but without a generic type being named (Fuckel 1870), might be considered for inclusion in Botryosphaeriaceae. Booth (1958) selected a lectotype in O. spiraeae and considered Diplodia sarmentorum (Fr.) Fr. to be the asexual morph. Phillips et al. (2005) redescribed and illustrated Otthia spiraeae and placed Diplodia buy C188-9 sarmentorum in a new species named Botryosphaeria sarmentorum A.J.L. Phillips, Alves & Luque.

They considered the holotype of Otthia spiraeae and the specimen illustrated by Booth (1958) to be from different genera, with O. spiraeae having cylindrical asci with a thin endotunica, while Booth’s specimen (Fig. 1 in Booth 1958) had clavate asci with a thick endotunica more typical of Botryosphaeriaceae. Schoch et al. (2009a) sequenced two strains named Otthia spiraeae from CBS (isolated from Ulmus glabra by K. & L. Holm in 1987, Sweden, Herbarium, UPS) and these clustered in Botryosphaeriaceae (see Fig. 1). However, it is not clear whether the strains used in Schoch et al. (2009a) were correctly identified and therefore the placement of Otthia (synonym = Otthiella selleck chemicals llc (Sacc.) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Syll. Fung. (Abellini) 17: 662 1905) in Botryosphaeriaceae cannot be confirmed until fresh collections identical to the holotype are made and sequenced. It is evident however, that the Dothiorella Clade (Fig. 1, Clade A6) in our study, which includes the sequences from putative Otthia species, is a distinct genus. The asexual morphs not of Botryosphaeriaceae include species with brown, unicellular or bi-celled conidia (Aplosporella, Diplodia, Dothiorella, Macrophomina,

Neoscytalidium and Lasiodiplodia) and species with hyaline conidia (Fusicoccum, Neofusicoccum and Pseudofusicoccum). In Table 2 we list the sexual morph against the asexual morph and provide an argument for which name should be used now that only a single name is available for each genus and taxon. Each plate was inoculated with more than three (generally five) single ascospores, derived cultures. We ensured this primarily to obtain secondary or dikaryotic mycelium, which enhanced the formation of sexual or asexual morphs. It is evident that several groups of botryosphaeriaceous taxa are species complexes and these need to be resolved using multi-gene sequence analysis which should include protein genes. For example, the genus Lasiodiplodia is likely to comprise several species complexes (Burgess et al. 2006; Alves et al. 2008; Abdollahzadeh et al. 2010). Other genera which may also comprise species complexes are Aplosporella, Botryosphaeria, Dothiorella, Neofusicoccum and Spencermartinsia (Phillips et al. 2005; Crous et al.

FEBS J 2005, 272:1326–1342.PubMedCrossRef 36. Hawkins CF, Borges A, Perham RN: A common structural motif in thiamin pyrophosphate-binding enzymes. FEBS Lett 1989, 255:77–82.PubMedCrossRef 37. Meshalkina L, Nilsson U, Wikner C, Kostikowa T, Schneider G: Examination of the thiamin diphosphate binding site in yeast transketolase by site-directed mutagenesis. Eur J Biochem 1997, 244:646–652.PubMedCrossRef 38. Abedinia M, Layfield R, Jones SM, Nixon PF, Mattick JS: Nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence of a cDNA clone encoding part of human transketolase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992, 183:1159–1166.PubMedCrossRef 39. Jakobsen OM, Brautaset T, Degnes KF, Heggeset TM, Balzer S, Flickinger MC,

Valla S, Ellingsen TE: Overexpression of wild-type aspartokinase increases L-lysine production in the thermotolerant methylotrophic selleck chemicals llc bacterium Bacillus methanolicus. Appl Environ Microbiol

2009, 75:652–661.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef 40. Kelley-Loughnane N, Biolsi SA, Gibson KM, Lu G, Hehir MJ, Phelan P, Kantrowitz ER: Purification, kinetic studies, and homology model of Escherichia coli fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. Biochim Biophys Acta 2002, 1594:6–16.PubMedCrossRef 41. Stansen C, Uy D, Delaunay S, Eggeling L, Goergen JL, Wendisch VF: Characterization of a Corynebacterium glutamicum lactate utilization operon induced during temperature-triggered glutamate production. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005, 71:5920–5928.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef 42. Haima P, van Sinderen D, Bron S, Venema NVP-HSP990 cell line G: An improved beta-galactosidase alpha-complementation system for molecular cloning in Bacillus subtilis . Gene 1990, 93:41–47.PubMedCrossRef 43. Brautaset T, Jakobsen OM, Degnes KF, Netzer R, Naerdal I, Krog A, Dillingham R, Flickinger MC, Ellingsen TE: Bacillus methanolicus

click here pyruvate carboxylase and homoserine dehydrogenase I and II and their roles for L-lysine production from Metabolism inhibitor methanol at 50°C. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010, 87:951–964.PubMedCrossRef 44. Say RF, Fuchs G: Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase/phosphatase may be an ancestral gluconeogenic enzyme. Nature 2010, 464:1077–1081.PubMedCrossRef 45. Alexander-Kaufman K, Harper C: Transketolase: observations in alcohol-related brain damage research. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2009, 41:717–720.PubMedCrossRef 46. Kochetov G, Sevostyanova IA: Binding of the coenzyme and formation of the transketolase active center. IUBMB Life 2005, 57:491–497.PubMedCrossRef 47. Bobst CE, Tabita FR: The role of cysteine 160 in thiamine diphosphate binding of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle transketolase of Rhodobacter sphaeroides . Arch Biochem Biophys 2004, 426:43–54.PubMedCrossRef 48. Jung EH, Takeuchi T, Nishino K, Itokawa Y: Studies on the nature of thiamine pyrophosphate binding and dependency on divalent cations of transketolase from human erythrocytes. Int J Biochem 1988, 20:1255–1259.

For the integrin blocking assay, confluence HEp-2 cells were incubated with antibodies (10 μg/ml) against α2 (P1E6, monoclonal, Chemicon International; P17301, polyclonal, Millipore), β1 (P4G1, monoclonal, Chemicon International; P05556, polyclonal, Millipore), α2β1 selleckchem (BHA2.1, monoclonal, Chemicon International)

integrins and mouse IgG (Sigma) for 30 min before the incubation with FITC-conjugated bacteria for the adhesion assay. Electron microscopy Drops of bacterial suspension fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde were concentrated and placed on formvar-coated copper grids for 1 min. After removal of excess fluid by placing on filter paper, the wet residues were immediately covered with the stain for 30 sec. The grid was air-dried before examination for negative staining electron microscopy. FACS analysis Surface-detection of Scl1 in E. coli was performed by FACS analysis. Approximately 1 × 107 bacteria were incubated with mouse anti-Scl1 antibody (1:1000) for 1 hr and subsequently with https://www.selleckchem.com/products/JNJ-26481585.html FITC-conjugated

goat anti-mouse IgG (1:1000, Amersham Biosciences) for 30 min. The fluorescence of adhered bacteria was analyzed by a FACS-Scan flow cytometer (Beckton-Dickinson). Surface protein isolation Outer membrane proteins were isolated from bacteria cultures according to a protocol by Fountoulakis and Gasser [36]. Briefly, the overnight E. coli culture was pelleted and the bacteria were resuspended. After shacking and a centrifugation, the new pellet was resuspended and disrupted 3 times by sonication. To remove unbroken cells and debris, sonicated bacteria were centrifuged at 3,000 rpm and subsequently

the supernatants were centrifuged at 90,000 rpm. To solubilize the inner membrane protein, the pellet was incubated with 2 ml 2% sodium N-laung sarcosinate and subsequently the supernatants were centrifuged at 90,000 rpm. The pelleted outer membrane proteins were resuspended. OmpA expression pattern performed by western blot using anti-OmpA antibody was represented as an internal control. Recombinant protein and preparation of antibody The 1.3-kb full-length sc1l gene was cloned into plasmid pQE30 to construct plasmid pPJ10. The recombinant protein was expressed after Buspirone HCl isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside induction. The expressed protein find more containing the His6 tag was separated in a Ni-chelated column (Amersham Biosciences) and eluted by a 0 to 50 mM imidazole gradient. The purified protein was verified by SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis with anti-His monoclonal antibody (Invitrogen). Antibody against purified rScl1 was raised in 4-week-old BALB/c mice. One hundred microgram of rScl1 was applied in the initial immunization of BALB/c mice, with succeeding injections 2 and 4 wks thereafter.

In approximately 30% of patients with unresectable https://www.selleckchem.com/products/poziotinib-hm781-36b.html tumors, the lesions remain locally advanced without evidence of distant metastases at autopsy [10]. Therefore, localized treatments are extremely important for tumors that are locally or regionally confined. A recent systematic review once again concluded that surgery

was not an optimal choice for these patients, as morbidity and mortality rates increased after R2 resection, with pooled median survival time of only 8.2 months [11]. Radiotherapy is recommended to prolong overall survival, and improve local disease and symptom control [12]. Radiation techniques such as three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), intraoperative radiation therapy, and low-dose rate (LDR) or high-dose rate (HDR) radiation have all been used in the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic

cancer. However, the clinical outcomes are unsatisfactory. There is evidence that common external beam radiation with or without chemotherapy can achieve a median survival time of 8.2-14.8 months, with the incidence of grade III to IV complications between 10% and 25% [13–16]. The potential benefits of SBRT alone are still controversial, Selleckchem R428 due to poor patient outcome, unacceptable toxicity and questionable palliative effects. Hoyer et al. reported the results of a Phase II study using SBRT in the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma, in which the median survival time was only 5.7 months, with 18% of selleck patients suffering from severe mucositis or ulceration of the stomach or duodenum [17]. Recently, there

have been reports suggesting that SBRT and chemotherapy might be a useful treatment option, resulting in a median survival time of 10.6-14.3 months with acceptable complications [18–20]. Additional reports suggest that IORT can be used to prevent local recurrence after resection or to control abdominal pain. However, the median survival time was 7.1-10.5 months [21, 22]. Disappointingly, the combined use of IORT and EBRT also failed to significantly improve long-term survival, with a median survival time of only 7.8-11.1 months [5, 6]. A report of interstitial iridium-192 HDR brachytherapy for the treatment of unresectable pancreatic carcinoma found a median survival time of 6.5 months for stage II/III in the absence of severe, acute side effects [23]. Recent years, there were some basic research indicated that 125I seed continuous low dose rate irradiation may be beneficial to pancreatic carcinoma. Wang et al. reported that 125I seeds irradiation could induce Small molecule library higher apoptotic rates of PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells, which led to programmed cell death [24]. Ma et al. reported that 125I seed continuous low dose rate irradiation inhibited pancreatic cancer tumor growth and changed DNA methyltransferases expression patterns [25]. Gao et al.

In other words, an isolated substrate (or product) is generated if it can only be consumed (or produced) by enzymes that are absent in the network [23]. However, we realized that the metabolites leading to citrate (oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA) or the metabolites derived from isocitrate (2-oxoglutarate, coenzymes excluded) are well-connected nodes in both reconstructed networks (Fig. 1), in spite of the absence of the first three steps in the TCA cycle in the strain Pam [2]. On the other hand, both metabolic models showed exactly the same 12 dead-end metabolites (see Additional Files 1 and 2). The reactions

leading up to the dead ends were included to obtain a fully functional learn more network. Furthermore, we have considered 75 reactions (33 of them being transport

reactions) without any gene associated in either model (Additional Files 1 and 2, and Additional File 4 for further details). Figure 1 The TCA cycle and the enzymatic connections of its intermediates. The only difference between the Bge and the Pam metabolic networks see more is the absence of citrate synthase, aconitase and isocitrate dehydrogenase in the latter (asterisk labelled steps). Note that, with the exception of their participation in the TCA cycle, citrate and isocitrate are isolated nodes in the network. Each enzymatic step is indicated by its EC number. GW2580 mw Double arrows indicate reversible reactions, single arrows indicate irreversible reactions. In order to evaluate the functional phenotype of the metabolic networks from both strains, FBA with biomass production as objective function was employed, using as a reference model the reconstructed network and biomass equation of E. coli with some adaptations, as described in Methods. Non-essential amino acids L-Asn, L-Gln, Gly and L-Pro, as well as the compounds (S)-dihydroorotate, nicotinic acid, pantotheine-4-phosphate, porphobilinogen and thiamin were supposed to be supplied by the host to meet the biosynthetic Miconazole needs in both strains, as suggested by the genetic lack of the corresponding synthetic machineries [1, 2]. The rest of essential components of the extracellular medium were CO2, Fe2+, H+, H2O, K+, Na+, O2, Pi and the appropriate

sulfur source(Fig. 2). All the above-mentioned chemical components of the environment (host) were necessary and sufficient to yield a viable phenotype in FBA simulations with the iCG238 Bge strain model (Fig. 3). However, with the Pam network we obtained a mere 20% of the biomass produced by the Bge network under the same minimal conditions (Fig. 3). Figure 2 Metabolite flow in the metabolic models of the endosymbionts. Metabolites with unconstrained import and export across system boundaries are represented by green arrows (8 metabolites related to usual exchange with extracellular medium) and yellow arrows (9 metabolites supposed to be directly provided by the host). Ammonia is only allowed to leave the system (blue arrow).

Optimized Si NCs with separated microstructures are requested to obtain efficient Er3+ luminescence. Conclusions In summary, the effect of microstructure

evolution of Si NCs on the Er-related luminescence has been investigated. The SRO and SROEr films were fabricated by sputtering. The structural and optical properties of the films are readily presented, and the coupling efficiency between Si NCs and Er3+ ions is studied. We found that while energy transfer process is more effective for coalescent Si NCs with larger sizes, the Er3+ luminescence efficiency is reduced by the spoiled microstructures of the sensitizer and the limited nonphonon recombination probability in large Si NCs. These results suggest that BI 2536 nmr optimized Si NCs with separated and intact microstructures are requested to obtain efficient Er3+ luminescence. Authors’ information DL received his Ph.D. degree in the State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials

and Department of Material Science and Engineering from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2002. He is currently an associate professor in the Department of Material Science and Engineering at Zhejiang University. His current research interests include the synthesis selleck compound of plasmonic microstructure, application of plasmonic microstructure on solar cells, Raman and luminescence, and silicon photonics. LJ, LX, and FW are currently the Ph.D. students in

the State Key Laboratory of Silicon LCZ696 in vitro materials and ASK1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Their current research interests include luminescence from erbium-doped silicon-rich oxide matrix, silicon-rich nitride matrix, and dislocations in silicon, silicon nitride-based light-emitting devices, and localized surface plasmon resonance of metal nanostructures. DY received his B.S. degree from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 1985, and his Ph.D. degree in Semiconductor Materials from the State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials in Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 1991. He has been with the Institute of Metal Materials in Tohoku University, Japan, and worked for Freiberg University, Germany, from 1995 to 1997. He is currently the director of the State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials. His current research interests include the fabrication of single crystalline silicon materials for ultra-larger-scale integrated circuit and defect engineering, polysilicon materials and compound thin film photo-electric conversion materials for photovoltaic, nano-scale silicon wire/tube and other one-dimensional semiconductor materials, and silicon-based materials for optoelectronics. DQ received his B.S. degree in Department of Electrical Engineering from Xiamen University, Xiamen, China, in 1951.

The mixture was centrifuged. For enzymatic lysis of the cells, the pellet was dissolved in 100 μl TE buffer (30 mM Tris-Cl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 8.0) containing 15 mTOR inhibitor mg/ml lysozyme, and added to 10 μl proteinase K (Qiagen) and incubated for 10 minutes at room temperature. For RNA purification and isolation, the RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen, 74104) was used and the included procedure was followed. To eliminate

genomic DNA from the isolated RNA, the RNase-Free DNase set was used (Qiagen). First, the samples were measured out to 0.1 μg RNA thereafter cDNA was synthesized using the TaqMan Reverse Transcription Reagens (N8080234, Applied system). Each sample was prepared in triplicate resulting in a volume of 20 μl containing 5 μl cDNA, 10 μl 2 × Power SYBR green PCR mix (Applied Biosystems) and final concentration of 0.9 pmol/μl of forward and reverse primer. For amplification of PCR products and quantification of produced cDNA SYBR Green, the 7500 fast real-time PCR system (Applied Biosystems) was

used. The thermocycling conditions were 55°C for 2 min (uracil-N-glycolyase Tanespimycin molecular weight activation), 95°C for 10 min (Taq activation and uracil-N-glycolyase de-activation) followed by 40 cycles of 95°C min for 15 sec and 60°C for 1 min. To determine the changes in the relative gene transcription level presented as fold changes, a mathematical model

for relative quantification of in RT-PCR was used [35]. The expression level of the specific target during acid stress was compared with the expression level of non-stressed cells (control). Three individual biological experiments were performed and data presented as an average. Statistical analysis All data from the growth experiments, comprising three replicates, were log transformed and statistically analyzed by SAS statistical software version 9.1 (SAS Institute, Cary, USA). To test for statistically significant differences in growth with various concentrations of methionine in CDB and BHI, a PROC GLM procedure was used. Volume intensity% differences between the individual proteins were calculated by variance analysis 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (ANOVA) in Microsoft Excel (version 2007). CH5183284 cell line Results Growth in modified chemically defined broth A modified defined broth that supports the growth of all three C. jejuni strains at the same level as in a rich medium (BHI) was developed (Figure  1). Ingredients used in the modified CDB for C. jejuni strains are shown in Table  1. The change of protein synthesis during acid exposure was determined by adding radioactively labelled methionine to the modified CDB during the stress period.

Many of these barriers exist at the federal and state levels, and stem from lack of an overall national plan for the development of algaculture, from the overlapping jurisdictions of other federal agencies over different aspects of algae cultivation, (Fig. 3), and from the diverse end products generated by algae. Fig. 3 Federal

agency jurisdiction over algae versus terrestrial crops. Four different federal departments hold jurisdiction over various aspects of algae cultivation, research, and products. EERE energy efficiency & renewable https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Vorinostat-saha.html energy, NIFA National Institute of Food & Agriculture, ARS Agricultural Research Service, APHIS Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service, TSCA toxic substance control act Agencies that currently hold some responsibility over algae are the DOE, USDA, DOD, and EPA. The DOE has been involved in algae biofuel research since the onset of the 25-year long ASP in 1980 and has done extensive research on both algal biology and large-scale cultivation under its Biomass Program (Sheehan et al. 1998). Findings have been reported in both the ASP close-out report and the National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap (U.S. DOE 2010). The DOE also CYC202 ic50 appropriates funding for grants and loans to industry and academic partners

doing algae biofuel R&D. The DOD appropriates R&D grants and participates in demonstrations for algal biofuel use. It has currently entered contracts for developing commercial-scale production. While the USDA is responsible for regulatory oversight and approval, biotechnology and environmental regulation of genetically modified crops, the EPA has asserted jurisdiction for the permitting of genetically engineered algae varieties under its Toxic Substance Control Act, further supporting the notion of uncoordinated and overlapping federal support and regulation of the algae industry.

There are also statutory limitations for the USDA’s support of algae. Existing law, although not defined well and left open to individual Proteasome inhibitor FG-4592 in vitro programs for interpretation, may have the ability to support algae when used to produce a feed or food; the same standard, however, is not applied to algae if the end product is used to produce energy. None of these inconsistencies exist for the program crops (e.g., corn); they qualify for the vast array of USDA assistance no matter what products they support. The USDA asserts responsibilities for agricultural policies pertaining to algae, but the end-use of algae as an energy source has created uncertainty in the applicability of these policies to algae cultivation. While a clear case can be made for expanding these programs for algal biomass used for food and nutraceutical purposes, there are still holes in the existing framework to accommodate algal biomass grown for bioenergy purposes.

: The type II secretion system and its ubiquitous lipoprotein substrate, SslE, are required for biofilm formation and virulence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli . Infect Immun 2012, 80:2042–2052.PubMedCrossRef

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